Working for the Hierarchical System: The Role of Meritocratic Ideology in the Endorsement of Corruption

Corruption has a wide range of corrosive effects on societies, but it is widespread throughout the world. There is a question, however, as to whether corruption is endorsed as an outcome of a legitimate hierarchy and meritocracy. To address this issue, the present study examines the associations between meritocratic ideology and the indicators of corruption by performing two empirical studies with correlational and experimental designs. In Study 1, all variables were measured with scales, and the results demonstrated that meritocratic ideologies were negatively associated with corruption perception but positively associated with corrupt intention. In Study 2, meritocratic ideology was manipulated, and the results demonstrated that compared with the low meritocratic‐ideology condition, the participants primed by the high meritocratic‐ideology condition reported a lower corruption perception but higher corrupt intention. In both studies, the findings suggest that the meritocratic ideology that motivates people to maintain and bolster the current hierarchical structure and meritocracy leads to the endorsement of corruption. The present study explores the roles of meritocratic ideology in the perception and intention of corruption, extends the scope of the predictive power of system justification theory to corruption beyond mere injustice‐related aspects of disadvantage, and also provides suggestions for interpreting and fighting against corruption.     

青年大学生自信的理论建构研究

通过文献分析与实证研究,构建了自信的理论维度,并据此编制了青年大学生自信的测量量表。对量表进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析后表明:大学生自信是一个多维度、多层次的心理系统,具有复杂的结构,包含4个层次和13个维度,该研究所构建的理论体系比较合理。量表具有较好的信度和效度,可以作为青年大学生自信研究的测量工具。     

小学儿童在空间概念中的内隐学习实验研究

本研究以一、三、五年级小学儿童为被试,探查小学儿童在不同学习模式下空间概念的发展情况。研究结果如下:(1)不同学习模式下,儿童的认知发展呈现不同的趋势;(2)随认知任务难度的增加,不同学习模式的成绩出现差异;(3)不同学习模式下,不同难度任务的成绩存在差异。     

品牌熟悉对广告过程中品牌态度改变的影响

文章通过分析广告前后被试者品牌态度的变化,研究了在不同的广告态度和信息相关度条件下被试者品牌熟悉程度对品牌态度变化的影响。结果显示品牌熟悉程度对品牌态度变化的调节作用并非单向的,而是与广告态度和信息相关度交互产生作用的。当被试者不熟悉品牌且有正面的广告态度时或当被试者不熟悉品牌且信息相关度较低时广告才能产生说服效果,进而使被试者的品牌态度发生改变。     

Is Traditional Gender Ideology Associated with Sex-Typed Mate Preferences? A Test in Nine Nations

Social role theory (Eagly, Wood, & Diekman, 2000) predicts that traditional gender ideology is associated with preferences for qualities in a mate that reflect a conventional homemaker-provider division of labor. This study assessed traditional gender ideology using Glick and Fiske's (1996, 1999) indexes of ambivalent attitudes toward women and men and related these attitudes to the sex-typed mate preferences of men for younger mates with homemaker skills and of women for older mates with breadwinning potential. Results from a nine-nation sample revealed that, to the extent that participants had a traditional gender ideology, they exhibited greater sex-typing of mate preferences. These relations were generally stable across the nine nations.     

怀疑论,常识与实践

文章依次分析比较了摩尔、马尔科姆和维特根斯坦应对怀疑论的方式及各自的论证技巧,展示了常识在何种程度上能够给出一种避免怀疑论的基础。文章认为摩尔和马尔科姆的论证都是不充分的,维特根斯坦关于语法命题与经验命题的区分补充了其中缺失的部分,其中起作用的是一种游戏误置论证。这意味着,能够避免怀疑论的是一种实践态度。     

改革开放30年中国心理学的发展

对改革开放三十年我国心理学发展进行回顾.目的是总结经验,了解过去,把握现在,谋划未来.这项工作,意义重大.从1978年至2008年中国心理学的发展可划分为重建期、稳步成长期和快速发展期三个阶段.改革开放30年中国心理学发展的基本经验是学术自由与园家的支持,自然科学研究取向与人文科学研究取向并举,人才培养与科学研究并重以及国际化与中国化的相互促进.中国心理学的来来将会对我国的社会发展以及人类的睿智、健康、幸福作出新的更大贡献.     

高低自立水平儿童道德情绪判断及归因特点的实验研究

本研究运用故事情境的临床访谈方法探讨了高、低自立水平儿童的道德情绪判断及归因模式.结果显示,在道德判断任务中,两组儿童在三种侵犯情景(说谎、偷拿、伤害)下均无显著差异;在情绪判断任务中,在偷拿情境和伤害情境下,高自立组对犯过者的情绪判断为高兴/开心者显著少于低自立组,而判断为难过/羞愧者显著多于低自立组;在归因模式上,两组儿童在说谎情境下没有显著差异,而在偷拿情境和伤害情境下,高自立组个人定向显著少于低自立组,而道德定向显著多于低自立组.研究结果提示儿童自立水平越高其道德情绪判断的归因越是"道德定向"的,自立水平越低其道德情绪判断的归因越是"个人定向"的.自立行为发展水平可能是影响儿童道德情绪判断和归因的因素之一.     

健康医疗中的风险认知

在健康医疗领域,风险认知是预测医疗决策和健康行为的重要因素.而非专业人士的风险认知不仅受到风险性质的影响,还受到风险信息的框架、载体、认知定势、以及个体的认知方式、动机、情感等因素的影响.临床咨询和医患交流应通过一定的策略来提高风险沟通的效果,降低医疗风险.     

公民资格论——政府公共性视界中的公民公共感能力探究

政府公共性意义上的公民,分享着两项公共权利,承担着两项公共义务。他们不仅能够感知和理解公共权利和公共义务,而且具有把它们化为现实的公共感能力。用公共感能力确定公民的资格,为公民的概念提供了规范的标准,从而与国籍描述的公民资格区分开来,把公民定义为与市民不同的公共角色。公民作为公共的角色,应该积极地从正反两面培养自己的公共感能力,不断创造自己作为公民的价值。