心算乘法对脑干听觉电反应的影响

本文对31名听力正常的健康人作了脑干听觉电反应(BSR)描记。21人在记录过程中让其心算乘法,其中16人还令其注意听刺激短声并概算其触发次数。观察到21名心算者的BSR中16人的BSRⅠ波振幅比安静时的减小,20人的BSR出现了一阳性大波,未观察到Ⅰ波振幅增大的。在听短声的16人中未见出现Ⅰ波振幅减小者,且其中4人反而出现了Ⅰ波振幅相对增大,结果表明,心算乘法对BSR有一定影响,分析认为一种是对感受器的负反馈控制,另一种是正反馈控制,而且前者占优势。     

应对的多测评维度的鉴别分析

本文对ＣＯＰＥ中文版（Ｃ－ＣＯＰＥ）的应对测评维度进行鉴别分析,７３６名大学生的测试数据的探索性因素分析结果表明,Ｃ－ＣＯＰＥ的应对维度为八个：心理资源积聚、主动控制与筹划、寻求社会支持、正面认识、情绪专注与渲泄、失助性反应、否认与心理摆脱、求助宗教。此量表结构效度良好,并且其信度也符合心理测量学要求。各应对维度测评的样本描述统计学结果反映现今大学生使用各种应对方式的程度有所不同,从群体平均水平而     

汉字独体字识别中的框架结构效应

本研究用两个实验证明了汉字独体字识别中存在框架结构效应。所谓框架结构就是构成一个字基本框架的笔画。实验一发现框架结构具有明显的启动效应。实验二发现独体字的识别从笔画开始,提取框架结构是独体字识别过程中的必经阶段,两个实验均未发现字频效应。     

The Impact of Affective States and Affective Shifts on Creative Ideation and Evaluation

This study aims to examine the impact of affective states and affective shifts on ideation and evaluation of creativity. Affects were induced by a two‐stage imagination procedure of recalling autobiographical experiences. Three periods of divergent thinking were measured to represent the participants’ creative ideation at different times. Creative evaluation was measured by estimating the originality of each response provided by the participants. The results indicate that (a) during the initial period of ideation, groups with positive affect obtain better creative ideation than the groups with neutral or negative affect. (b) The ideation in positive affect groups gradually decreases over time, while the ideation in negative affect groups gradually increases over time. (c) During the evaluation of originality, groups with negative affect have a higher proportion of over‐estimates and a lower proportion of under‐estimates than groups with positive affect. The viewpoints of cognitive tuning theory, which posit that the affective state influences creativity, are supported.     

Time-based prospective memory has plasticity in behavior under different monitoring conditions

Current Psychology - The practice effect of prospective memory is the phenomenon that the performance of prospective memory can improve through behavior training. There is indirect evidence from...     

Nonlinear Causality between Education and Health: the Role of Human Development Index

This study employs a panel smooth transition vector error correction model (PST-VECM) to explore the education-health causality. This model can grasp the characteristics of the causality in nonlinearity, heterogeneity, and time-variation. Empirical evidence from the 123 sample countries during 2001–2013 finds that the causality is nonlinear, time- and country-varying in both the long run and short run, depending on the development level of a country (measured by the human development index, HDI) in each period. For the developing and underdeveloped countries, the short run causality between education and health is unidirectional, running from education to health, whereas the long run causality is bidirectional. For the developed countries, the causality is bidirectional in both the short run and long run, and the two-way effect would be deferred from short run to long run. The policies for countries with different HDI scores to improve education and health outcomes are also provided.     

Which types of income matter most for well‐being in China: Absolute,relative or income aspirations?

China has experienced remarkable economic growth, but that has not been associated with increases in individual well‐being, implying that well‐being may not be sensitive to increases in absolute income (AI). Thus, the relationship between well‐being and other types of income is worth investigating. This study employed a national sample of 5471 respondents from 31 provinces of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) to compare the effects of AI, relative income (RI) and income aspirations (IA) on individual well‐being in China. The results of a hierarchical regression analysis found that, compared to AI and RI, IA explained more variation in well‐being. These findings highlight the importance of IA for well‐being among the Chinese.     

The Theory of Emotions in Marketing

To determine whether a theory of emotions in marketing is needed, this article assesses the current theoretical status of emotions in marketing. The theoretical propositions and the characteristics of four major theories of emotions borrowed from psychology, as well as five marketing accounts for emotions are reviewed. The characteristics of emotions in marketing are specified and compared with the characteristics of emotions as seen by psychology. The article ends with four theoretical proposals on directions for future development of a theory of emotions in marketing.     

任务图式对文章修改的影响研究

本研究探讨任务图式对文章修改的影响。高低水平的作者先完成一个写作任务,再修改文章的初稿。修改时,实验组学生先接受关于正确修改的任务图式指导,控制组学生则直接进行修改。实验结果表明,任务图式指导有明显的主效应,高低水平作者均提高了对字面错误与意义错误的正确修改,而水平间的差异主要表现在意义错误的修改上。本研究还分析了任务图式指导对修改的字数(包括改变意义与保留意义的字数)、修改的句法水平(包括字、词和句子)以及修改的方式(包括插入、替换、删除和移动句子)的影响。     

智力及其测量研究的新进展

本文论述了有关智力测量及智力理论研究的最新发展.从智力的测验到智力本质有各种不同的见解,但人们普遍接受智力的多样性的观点.正是这种多样性的智力使人们以符合环境要求的方式适应、选择和改善环境.