非目标工作记忆表征下颜色关联和抽象关联的注意捕获和抑制

采用工作记忆—视觉搜索双任务范式,探讨在非目标工作记忆表征下,颜色关联和抽象关联干扰子的注意捕获和抑制现象。实验一结果发现,颜色关联干扰子在快速反应阶段捕获注意,随后被成功抑制;抽象关联干扰子仍能捕获注意。实验二消除知觉凸显后,结果发现颜色关联条件的抑制消失,干扰子重新捕获注意。结果表明,有效抑制策略受不同关联干扰子加工先后顺序的影响,选择性抑制颜色关联干扰子,而颜色特征的凸显有助于抑制策略形成。     

Suicide and Its Association with Individual,Family, Peer,and School Factors in an Adolescent Population in Southern Taiwan

A representative sample of 10,233 adolescent students was recruited to examine the rate of suicidal attempt and its correlates in the adolescents living in southern Taiwan. Five questions from the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (Kiddie‐SADS‐E) were used to inquire about the participants' suicidality. The associations between suicidal attempt and multidimensional factors were examined by using logistic regression analysis: 9.1% of the participants reported a suicidal attempt in the preceding year. Female gender, low self‐esteem, weekly alcohol use, illicit drugs use, depression, high family conflict, low maternal education level, poor family function, low connectedness to school, low rank, poor feeling in peer group, and drop out from school were associated with adolescent suicidal attempt. The rate of suicidal attempt was found to be high in Taiwanese adolescents, and multidimensional factors were correlated to adolescent suicidal attempt.     

The influence of time units on the flexibility of the spatial numerical association of response codes effect

The Spatial Numerical/Temporal Association of Response Codes (SNARC/STEARC) effects are considered evidence of the association between number or time and space, respectively. As the SNARC effect was proposed by Dehaene, Bossini, and Giraux in 1993, several studies have suggested that different tasks and cultural factors can affect the flexibility of the SNARC effect. This study explored the influence of time units on the flexibility of the SNARC effect via materials with Arabic numbers, which were suffixed with time units and subjected to magnitude comparison tasks. Experiment 1 replicated the SNARC effect for numbers and the STEARC effect for time units. Experiment 2 explored the flexibility of the SNARC effect when numbers were attached to time units, which either conflicted with the numerical magnitude or in which the time units were the same or different. Experiment 3 explored whether the SNARC effect of numbers was stable when numbers were near the transition of two adjacent time units. The results indicate that the SNARC effect was flexible when the numbers were suffixed with time units: Time units influenced the direction of the SNARC effect in a way which could not be accounted for by the mathematical differences between the time units and numbers. This suggests that the SNARC effect is not obligatory and can be easily adapted or inhibited based on the current context.     

《希伯来圣经》中的神迹与现代犹太思想

《希伯来圣经》中有很多关于神迹的描写,这些神迹被后世学者进行了不同的注解和诠释,奠定了犹太集体意识中理解神迹的基础。《希伯来圣经》中的神迹对现代犹太思想有着一定的影响,开拓出宗教文化独到的认识,推动了现代犹太哲人思想的孕育。神迹在建构犹太集体记忆中都有着举足轻重的作用,是犹太文化史的一面旗帜。     

认知加工中时间与非时间信息的相互关系

在认知心理学领域，关于时间信息和非时间信息在认知加工中关系的争论有：相互独立、相互竞争、相互促进三大观点。本文对支持这三种观点的实验分别进行了分析、整理，并在此基础上概括出特定条件下时间信息与非时间信息的相互关系：事件结构一致条件下，两类信息在认知加工中表现为相互促进；如果事件结构不一致，而心理负荷(即两类信息所需注意资源之和)超过了注意总资源，两类信息表现为相互竞争；若心理负荷没有超过注意总资源，两类信息则表现为相互独立。     

本土自觉:心理学本土化的边际人格困境及其超越

心理学本土化运动热潮渐退,这可能是由于本土化进程中移植性格与民族情结冲突、矛盾,导致本土化面临边际人格困境所致。从学科史的视角考察,心理学本土化运动是在文化自觉的背景下被动展开的,其边际人格困境的本质是主体意识的缺失。同时,文化多元化观念与全球化进程破坏了文化的时空意义,也割裂了文化的整体性,使得心理学本土化研究面临文化混搭、个体自觉的新常态。新困境、新常态呼唤心理学本土化主体意识的自觉,亟需转变现有的被动本土化处境以实现心理学本土化的自觉发展,即,本土自觉。     

大学生就业观念中的非理性信念

面对激烈的社会竞争,大学生的就业心态明显不成熟,存在许多非理性信念,严重影响正常的择业和就业,须引起广泛关注和重视。     

论个人的时间管理倾向

时间管理倾向是一种具有动力性的人格特征,它由时间价值感、时间监控观和时间效能感构成。善于管理时间者的生活质量是高的。时间管理技能可以通过训练得到提高。