触觉时序知觉手臂交叉效应的性别差异

本研究探讨触觉时序知觉的手臂交叉效应是否存在性别差异。通过两个实验在较短和较长的SOA条件下考察男性和女性被试在基于体觉和基于外部空间的触觉时序判断任务中的表现。结果表明,男性与女性被试在基于体觉和基于外部空间的触觉时序判断任务中均存在手臂交叉效应,SOA较短时男性被试的手臂交叉效应显著小于女性被试,但在SOA较长的条件下手臂交叉效应没有明显的性别差异。触觉时序知觉手臂交叉效应的性别差异可能与空间知觉能力和生理解剖学因素有关。     

工作记忆在时间和空间心理联结中的调节作用*

探讨时间的空间表征是否受到工作记忆的调节。实验将时间比较任务和工作记忆中的延迟匹配范式相结合。结果发现,记忆匹配条件下,刺激的空间位置不影响时间判断,而记忆不匹配条件下,当左侧刺激呈现的时间短,右侧刺激呈现的时间长时,时间判断的反应时更短。结果表明,时间的空间表征具有灵活性,受到工作记忆的调节。     

Embracing Ritual Healing: The Case of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sazuke</Emphasis> in Tenrikyo in Contemporary Taiwan

This paper will explore how the practice of ritual healing (sazuke) has played a prominent part in the propagation of a Japanese new religious movement (Tenrikyo) in Taiwan. The author firstly unravels the mystery of Tenrikyo’s healing ritual (sazuke) and its role in enabling Taiwanese followers’ potential to re-establish their relationship with the world. The author points out that sazuke is similar to Taiwanese folk therapy and fits into Taiwan’s multi-medical systems. The author also examines the features of Tenrikyo’s healing practice in Taiwan and discusses the evolution of sazuke from a non-institutionalised practice to a bureaucratised one. The author then advances to a more widely theoretical consideration by discussing how sazuke became a force that enabled Taiwanese people to respond to the changing world and how it facilitated peoples’ transformation when they were confronted by daily troubles and difficulties.     

Reading Practices of Pre-Service Teachers in the United States

The purpose of this mixed method study was to investigate the reading practices of pre-service teachers in the United States. A total of 395 (38 male and 357 female) pre-service teachers completed a self-reported survey. In addition, 45 (10 males and 35 females) of the 395 voluntarily agreed to participate in interviews and classroom observations. These 45 participants were enrolled in three reading classes in the college of education at a mid-size public university; the classes' professors allowed the researcher to conduct class observations over the course of the semester. Quantitative results indicated that 38.4% of the pre-service teachers spent 1–4 hours weekly in academic reading (AR) and 19.5% of the respondents spent 1–4 hours per week in extracurricular reading (ER). Results also revealed that 25.7% of the participants spent zero hours weekly in AR and 46.5% of the participants spent zero hours in ER. Qualitative findings indicated that participants' part-time jobs and social media use via smartphone reduced the amount of time that pre-service teachers dedicated to both academic and extracurricular reading.     

中国不同发展水平城市间幸福指数差异及收入对其的影响作用

对全国四种发展水平城市5471名被试的幸福感进行调查,探讨不同发展水平城市居民幸福指数差异及收入对其的影响作用。结果发现:从一线到四线城市,居民的总体和领域幸福指数都显著上升,二、三线城市显著高于一线,但又显著低于四线城市;个人收入对一线城市总体幸福指数无显著影响,但对二、三、四线影响显著;家庭人均收入对不同发展水平城市总体幸福指数的影响与个人收入的影响作用完全相反,即对一线城市总体幸福指数影响不显著,但对其它三线城市影响显著。以上结果表明不同发展水平城市间在总体和领域幸福指数上均存在差异,且不同收入对其总体幸福指数的影响作用有所不同。该结论对于中国的城市化建设具有一定启示意义。     

高校科技创新型人才素质结构研究

高校科技创新型人才是国家科技创新的重要力量,以往研究者对科技创新型人才素质结构内部状态及创新过程的行为特征没有充分揭示。通过文献分析和关键行为事件访谈,建构了五个因子的高校科技创新型人才素质结构,编制出初测问卷。经过验证性因素分析,问卷具有结构效度和建构信度,同时还发现五个因子之间存在着中度正相关关系。验证性因素分析支持了高校科技创新型人才素质结构,信度、效度检验结果表明该结构具有良好的信度和效度。     

Hospice Comics: Representations of Patient and Family Experience of Illness and Death in Graphic Novels

Non-fiction graphic novels about illness and death created by patients and their loved ones have much to teach all readers. However, the bond of empathy made possible in the comic form may have special lessons for healthcare providers who read these texts and are open to the insights they provide.     

Association between Child Abuse and Health Risk Behaviors among Chinese College Students

Little is known about the link between child abuse and health risk behaviors among Chinese college students. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of child abuse and its relations with individual and clusters of health risk behaviors among Chinese college students. A total of 507 students participated in this survey. The prevalence of child abuse from the highest to the lowest was emotional neglect (53.9%), physical neglect (49.0%), emotional abuse (21.8%), physical abuse (18.3%), and sexual abuse (18.1%), respectively. Males were more likely to report child abuse than females (p?<?0.01). For males, emotional abuse was associated with internet addiction [OR?=?2.28; 95%CI (1.00, 5.20)] and suicidal behavior [OR?=?12.47, 95%CI (2.61, 59.54)]; while sexual abuse was associated with internet addiction [OR?=?2.30, 95%CI (1.14, 4.66)]. For females, emotional abuse was significantly associated with increased risks for self-harm behavior [OR?=?15.03, 95%CI (3.59, 63.07)] and suicidal behavior [OR?=?5.16, 95%CI (1.63, 16.40)]. Physical abuse was related to risks for internet addiction [OR?=?2.50, 95%CI (1.03, 6.04)] significantly. Two-step cluster analysis showed that participants in clusters with more health risk behaviors reported higher scores of child abuse. These findings suggest that child abuse was associated with both individual and clustering of health risk behaviors among Chinese college students.     

Empathy‐Related Responding in Chinese Toddlers: Factorial Structure and Cognitive Contributors

The critical role of the second year of life in the development of empathy is well accepted by psychologists. However, the developmental trends of the different components of empathy and the potential factors underlying these components during this critical period remain unclear. Eighty‐four Chinese toddlers in the second year of life participated in the present study. Empathy‐related responses were observed during three simulated procedures performed by each child's primary caregiver, the experimenter and a baby doll. An exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the different components of empathy. The shared representation of the self and others was measured using the Tasks for the Observation of Self‐Concept, self/other awareness was measured with a series of mirror tests and inhibitory control was measured using the Cylinder Inhibitory Control Task. The results showed that the empathy of Chinese toddlers contains three factors: sympathy, personal distress and orientation. Potential cognitive factors contribute to the different components of empathy through both independent and joint effects. © 2016 The Authors Infant and Child Development Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Similarity in Gender and Self‐Esteem for Supportive Peer Relationships: The Mediating Role of Cooperative Goals1

The present study investigated whether cooperative goals mediate the relationship between similarity in gender and self‐esteem and social support and relationship quality in ongoing peer dyads. Based on data collected from 209 student dyads, the findings largely support the mediating role of cooperative goals. However, the study found that gender similarity was positively related while self‐esteem similarity was negatively related to cooperative goals and relationship quality of peer dyad members.