Heartwarming memories: Nostalgia maintains physiological comfort

Nostalgia, a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, is a predominantly positive and social emotion. Recent evidence suggests that nostalgia maintains psychological comfort. Here, we propose, and document in five methodologically diverse studies, a broader homeostatic function for nostalgia that also encompasses the maintenance of physiological comfort. We show that nostalgia--an emotion with a strong connotation of warmth--is triggered by coldness. Participants reported stronger nostalgia on colder (vs. warmer) days and in a cold (vs. neutral or warm) room. Nostalgia, in turn, modulates the interoceptive feeling of temperature. Higher levels of music-evoked nostalgia predicted increased physical warmth, and participants who recalled a nostalgic (vs. ordinary autobiographical) event perceived ambient temperature as higher. Finally, and consistent with the close central nervous system integration of temperature and pain sensations, participants who recalled a nostalgic (vs. ordinary autobiographical) event evinced greater tolerance to noxious cold.     

Ontogeny of classical and operant learning behaviors in zebrafish

The performance of developing zebrafish in both classical and operant conditioning assays was tested with a particular focus on the emergence of these learning behaviors during development. Strategically positioned visual cues paired with electroshocks were used in two fully automated assays to investigate both learning paradigms. These allow the evaluation of the behavioral performance of zebrafish continuously throughout development, from larva to adult. We found that learning improves throughout development, starts reliably around week 3, and reaches adult performance levels at week 6. Adult fish quickly learned to perform perfectly, and the expression of the learned behavior is manifestly controlled by vision. The memory is behaviorally expressed in adults for at least 6 h and retrievable for at least 12 h.     

Childhood abuse in Chinese patients with borderline personality disorder

This study examined (1) the relative prevalence of childhood abuse and other pathological childhood experiences in China reported by outpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), with other personality disorders, and without personality disorders; and, (2) whether the primary predictors of BPD in North America are associated with the development of BPD in China. The childhood experiences of 203 outpatients with BPD, 109 outpatients with other personality disorders, and 70 outpatients without Axis II diagnoses were assessed with the Chinese version of the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q). Patients with BPD reported significantly more physical, emotional, and sexual abuse than either comparison group. Four types of childhood experiences were significant predictors of BPD: maternal neglect, paternal antipathy, sexual abuse, and maternal physical abuse. The findings suggest that maternal physical abuse is as strong a predictor of BPD in China as sexual abuse, a finding not replicated in North America.     

董仲舒“贵元重始说”新解

"贵元重始说"是董仲舒《春秋》公羊学的重要内容,其中主要的是关于"元"的观念。长期以来,人们对董仲舒的"元"观念多从哲学本原上训解,而没有把握其真实涵意,因而也就无法窥见"贵元重始"说的实质。本文认为,董仲舒的"贵元重始说"与其"奉天法古说"一样,均是对     

Trajectories of Behavioral Problems and Predictors in Children Aged 4 to 7 Years: a Growth Mixture Model Analysis

The trajectories of behavioral problems have not been fully elucidated to date, particularly in the Chinese cultural context. This study attempted to delineate the trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems and their predictors for Chinese children based on a longitudinal study. Three waves of data were collected from parent-reported questionnaires from a survey sample of 520 Chinese parents who had children aged 4 to 7 years. Unconditional and conditional growth mixture modeling was conducted in the study. The results showed that trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems were heterogeneous in children 4 to 7, including Stable and Low pattern and Decreased pattern. The children’s gender, the number of children, and caregivers’ education levels predicted trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems. These findings suggest that internalizing and externalizing problems may have different trajectories, and prevention strategies should be implemented based on specific subtypes. Additionally, the findings highlight that many more longitudinal studies should be conducted concerning the internalizing and externalizing problems and to examine their trends.

     

Income and Subjective Well-being: Test of a Multilevel Moderated Mediation Model

Applied Research in Quality of Life - Is the Easterlin paradox lost, or has it been regained? Scholars have started to debate this topic in recent years. This paper explores the association between...     

第三个历史决议蕴含的历史辩证法

党的十九届六中全会审议通过的第三个历史决议,在叙述和评价中国共产党百年奋斗的重大成就、历史意义和历史经验时,蕴含丰富的历史辩证法,是新时代历史辩证法的中国表达。就历史主体而言,既强调党的领导作用,更强调人民的创造作用;就历史过程而言,既注重历史发展的阶段性与过程性,又注重历史发展的连续性与整体性;就历史成就而言,既重视总结理论成就,更重视总结实践成就;就历史意义而言,既高度评价党的百年奋斗对于实现中华民族伟大复兴的贡献,又高度评价党的百年奋斗对于人类文明发展的贡献;就历史经验而言,既关注对过去的把握与提升,更关注面向现实和未来的规范与引领。     

Word Learning in L2 Chinese: from Perspectives of Learner-Related and Language-Related Factors

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - Word learning in a second language (L2) is a complex process, which is affected by learner-related (e.g., morphological awareness) and language-related (e.g.,...     

Lattices of Finitely Alternative Normal Tense Logics

Studia Logica - A finitely alternative normal tense logic $$T_{n,m}$$ is a normal tense logic characterized by frames in which every point has at most n future alternatives and m past alternatives....