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31.
Zhe Chen 《Memory & cognition》1995,23(2):255-269
A series of experiments was conducted to explore whether individuals can solve problems by transferring conceptual information gained from schematic pictures and to examine the mechanisms involved in this transfer process. Subjects viewed a schematic picture and then attempted to solve an insight problem to which the conceptual information from the picture could be applied. The results indicate that the degree of similarity—specifically, superficial and procedural similarity—between a source schematic picture and the target problem determined transfer performance. Discussion focuses on the relationship between these two types of similarity and the two key cognitive components involved in transferring pictorial analogies to solve problems: accessing the pictorial analogues and executing the solutions. Portions of this research were presented at the 33rd meeting of the Psychonomic Society in St. Louis, November 1992. 相似文献
32.
Charles P. Chen 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》1995,13(2):117-129
To explore the potential of Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) with clients of Chinese background, a brief review is conducted
with respect to parallels between RET philosophy and some key components of Chinese culture and ways in which Chinese think.
Arguments are advanced as to why RET is particularly suitable for use within a Chinese cultural context. Issues involved in
using RET with Chinese clients are addressed including the appreciation many Chinese have for the logical and rational aspects
of RET, the most appropriate type of client-counselor relationship to facilitate RET therapeutic progress, appropriate ways
to dispute, and some cautionary words on the use of “emotive methods”. Areas where the RET counselor needs to be particularly
sensitive to the cultural background of the client are highlighted.
Charles P. Chen holds a master's degree in educational counseling and is currently a Ph.D. student and instructor in the Department
of Counselling Psychology at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. His interests include cross-cultural
and multi-cultural counseling, career counseling, and group counseling. 相似文献
33.
The purpose of this study was to explore the role of acculturation in coping with stress among 264 Chinese-American children. The results confirmed that the subjects used a variety of coping strategies including diversion, suppression, problem solving, minimization, and retaliation and that certain coping strategies influenced the dysphoria experienced as a result of peer stress. High acculturated children used retaliation significantly more often than their low acculturated counterparts and retaliation was found to be associated with less dysphoria for the high acculturated group. In contrast, low acculturated children who utilized suppression tended to report less dysphoria. Contrary to the hypothesis that general self worth would reduce the relationship between peer stressors and dysphoria, it had no bearing on the association for either acculturated group. The hypothesis that greater perceived social competence would lessen the association between peer stressors and dysphoria also failed to be supported by the data. In fact, for the high acculturation group higher social competence was actually associated with more reported dysphoria. In general, the results suggested that the adaptiveness of particular coping strategies may be influenced by acculturation level and that social competence plays a complicated role in the stress and coping process. Implications for counsellors are discussed. 相似文献
34.
语义联系类型和强度对预期推理生成的制约作用 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
首先采用开放式问卷实验方法,由被试生成日常生活中的事件以及组成这些事件的各种活动和活动的参加者。然后,对这些事件熟悉性、对活动的典型性和可区分性三个维度进行主观评价,形成事件以及每个事件活动序列,并据此编制实验材料。实验主要考察活动的典型性和可区分性对于熟悉性高的事件的预期推理的影响,以及不同工作记忆能力的被试进行事件预期推理时的加工模式。实验结果表明:(1)高工艺记忆能力的被试对事件的预期量小于 相似文献
35.
36.
阅读理解中的预期推理 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16
从工作记忆能力的个体差异的角度,探讨阅读描述日常生活事件的段落时预期推理过程的资源分配特点,及其与阅读焦点转移的关系。结果表明,(1)预期推理可以维持较长时间。(2)工作记忆能力强的被试进行预期推理的范围较广;而工作记忆能力较弱的被试推理范围较小。(3)工作记忆能力较弱者对每一个项目的激活量较大。(4)对于非常熟悉的事件,预期推理不受焦点转移的影响。 相似文献
37.
38.
时序信息提取机制的探索 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对时序信息加工的经典研究是采用新近性判断范型,结果发现其提取机制是以新近性为基础的逆向串行搜索过程。本研究采用新近性判断范型和早远性判断范型对时序信息的提取机制进行了深入的考察,结果表明:(l)提取时序信息既存在逆向串行搜索,又存在顺向串行搜索;(2)早远性判断和新近性判断任务对不同部分时序信息恢复的效应不同,其中早远性判断易化早远部分,新近性判断易化新近部分──表现为对相应部分辨别力的提高和正确反应潜伏期的缩短;(3)在不同的时序信息提取任务中,被试会根据具体条件进行反转反应。 相似文献
39.
Robert E. Roberts Ph.D. Brenda L. Solovitz Yuan-Who Chen Charles Casat 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1996,24(3):349-362
Retest stability of DSM-III-R diagnoses was assessed using the DISC-2.1C with a sample of Anglo, African, and Hispanic American adolescent patients 12 to 17 years of age. Based on the kappa statistic, retest stability was fair for any disorder ( =.50), for any anxiety disorder ( =.44), for any affective disorder ( =.53), for any disruptive behavior disorder ( =.58), and for substance use disorders ( =.46). Although there was a trend for reliability to be somewhat higher for African Americans ( =.58) than for Anglos ( =.42) or Hispanics ( =.49), these differences were not statistically significant. In general, 15- to 17-year-olds had somewhat better reliability ( =.58) than did 12- to 14-year-olds ( =.44). Males had somewhat higher reliability ( =.63) than females ( =.43). These findings are congruent with those reported recently using the DISC-R (Schwab-Stone et al., 1993) and suggest that the DISC appears to be at least as reliable as other available child diagnostic instruments. In view of the fair-to-moderate levels of reliability of these instruments in general, future research should focus on the joint effects of instrument, subject, interviewer, and nomenclature on operating characteristics of diagnostic interview schedules, focusing in particular on factors affecting accurate recall and reporting of symptoms and episodes.
This research was supported in part by grants MH44214 and MH44773 from the National Institute of Mental Health, and by the Hogg Foundation for Mental Health. The authors wish to acknowledge the participation and collaboration of A. J. Pumariega, J. W. Swanson, and C. E. Holzer III and staff of the Center for Cross-Cultural Research, directed by F. M. Treviño. 相似文献
40.