神经质和外倾的负情绪减弱调节特点

神经质和外倾一致被认为是有典型情绪风格的人格特质,人格生物机制研究发现,这两种特质在神经递质、脑机制及遗传等方面都具有其特定的机制。可是,关于这两种特质在情绪调节过程的生理心理机制研究还比较少。这项研究试图寻找高神经质和高外倾人群在负情绪调节过程中,包括情绪主观报告、表情行为及生理反应等方面的变化特点。研究采用生理心理实验法比较了高神经质和高外倾被试在使用认知重评、表情抑制减弱由录像片段诱发的负情绪（厌恶）时所引起情绪成分的实际变化结果。28名高神经质和28名高外倾大学生被试参加了实验。结果表明：与高外倾组比较,高神经质组在情绪激活及调节之前阶段（指导语阶段）的FPV增幅较大,在情绪被激活及调节阶段（正片阶段）的R-R间期增幅较小,整个调节过程报告较多的负情绪（如痛苦）变化。研究从生理心理层面进一步地说明,与高外倾比较,高神经质确实更容易激活其负情绪,而且,更难以对其负情绪实施减弱调节     

民国年间苏州道教考

在1912年至1949年民国政府统治的这段时间里,社会动荡、战火连绵、资本主义商品经济和国际社会文化思潮的冲击等都给道教带来了巨大的打击.这一时期的道教,如卿希泰先生在<中国道教>中所描述的"是在苦难中支撑的道教".这一时期,在资本主义经济较发达的苏州,道教也面临着同样的苦难,道教事业受到了巨大的冲击.     

Screening of personality disorders among chinese college students by Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+

Four thousand eight hundred and eleven students were sampled from 26 universities in 21 cities of China and evaluated using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+(PDQ-4+). Results showed that male students obtained significantly higher scores than female students on paranoid, schizotypal, antisocial, narcissistic, passive-aggressive, and depressive personality disorder scales, and lower scores on the borderline scale. Students from rural areas scored higher than those from urban areas on the schizoid, schizotypal, narcissistic, avoidant, compulsive-obsessive, passive-aggressive, and depressive personality disorder scales, and lower on the paranoid and dependent scales. Singleton students obtained significantly higher scores than nonsingletons on paranoid, antisocial and dependent scales, and lower on schizoid, avoidant, compulsive-obsessive, passive-aggressive, depressive scales. Students from single-parent families scored significantly higher on the schizotypal scales; and students from foster families scored significantly higher on the antisocial, passive-aggressive, and depressive scales. Students from poor families scored significantly higher than those from average or wealthy families on schizoid, schizotyal, antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, passive-aggressive, and depressive personality disorders. The results suggest that low family income, low social status, and parental style contribute to the development of personality disorders.     

怀疑论,常识与实践

文章依次分析比较了摩尔、马尔科姆和维特根斯坦应对怀疑论的方式及各自的论证技巧,展示了常识在何种程度上能够给出一种避免怀疑论的基础。文章认为摩尔和马尔科姆的论证都是不充分的,维特根斯坦关于语法命题与经验命题的区分补充了其中缺失的部分,其中起作用的是一种游戏误置论证。这意味着,能够避免怀疑论的是一种实践态度。     

公共性:西方行政学发展的重要价值趋向

"公共性"是公共行政区别于私人管理的根本属性,它昭示着行政学理论的核心理念与恒常价值.而主流公共行政理论中所呈现的"管理主义"特征,造成了西方行政学"公共性"的衰微.在"宪政主义"学派的努力下,当今西方行政学的"公共性"开始觉醒和复苏.未来的西方行政学必须重新树立"公共性"在价值体系中的地位,才能在"公共性"与"管理性"二元价值趋向之间实现统一与整合,走出"身份危机"的阴影.     

心房颤动:消融术式和机制研究的博弈

房颤机制的经典学说有多发子波假说、主导折返环伴颤动样传导理论、局灶激动学说等.消融治疗房颤先后经历了仿迷宫术、肺静脉内消融、环肺静脉消融、复杂碎裂电位消融等多种术式.机制研究对消融术式的改进有一定的指导意义;消融术式的创新则验证和/或否定了某些机制的成果.二者的博弈极大地推进了房颤的研究进展.     

近代安多藏区寺院型城镇成因与特征初探

本文通过对近代安多藏区形成的宗教型城镇成因与特征进行了分析,认为寺院与近代北方的商业市场具有密切联系,是这一类型城镇形成的关键因素,这类城镇的特征是:寺院经济占主导地位、城镇的消费性和民族性。     

Low-frequency stimulation induces a pathway-specific late phase of LTP in the amygdala that is mediated by PKA and dependent on protein synthesis

Activity-dependent changes in synaptic efficacy are thought to be the key cellular mechanism for the formation and storage of both explicit and implicit memory. Different patterns of stimulation can elicit different changes in the efficiency on excitatory synaptic transmission. Here, we examined the synaptic changes in the amygdala of adult mice produced by low-frequency stimulation (1 Hz, 15 min, LFS). We first compared the synaptic changes induced by LFS in three different synaptic pathways of amygdala: cortical–lateral amygdala, thalamic–lateral amygdala, and lateral–basolateral amygdala pathways. We find that the plastic changes induced by LFS are different between synaptic pathways. Low-frequency stimulation selectively elicits a slow onset and protein synthesis-dependent late-phase LTP in the cortical–lateral amygdala pathway, but not in the thalamic–lateral or lateral–basolateral pathways. We next analyzed LTP induced by LFS in the cortical–lateral amygdala pathway and found that three PKA-coupling neurotransmitter receptors are involved: 5-HT4, Dopamine D1, and β-adrenergic receptors. Antagonists of these receptors block the LFS L-LTP, but the effects of agonists of these receptors are clearly different. These results indicate that the threshold for the induction of LFS L-LTP is different among these pathways and that the maintenance of LFS L-LTP requires a cross-talk among multiple neurotransmitters.     

Designing time-limited cyber promotions: effects of time limit and involvement.

This study found that a longer time limit in cyber promotions results in lower time pressure perceptions by consumers and a greater rate of consumers choosing higher-priced items. Furthermore, products with which consumers are more involved entail higher time pressure, lower consumer satisfaction, and a lower share of consumers using the promotion for that product.