Suicide notes of Chinese youth.

Examination of 17 suicide notes from youthful Chinese suicides indicated the common appearance of anger, self-criticism, and interpersonal friction as precipitant.     

3~5岁儿童的交换行为研究

设计了一个贴近现实的玩具交换任务,考察3~5岁儿童在玩具交换情境中的行为特点及其利用社会知觉信息指导交换选择的能力,被试为91名3~5岁儿童,男女各半。结果发现,随着年龄增长,儿童在交换任务中得分有显著增长,通过率由43.3%（3岁组）上升到85.5%（5岁组）。儿童对成功的交换行为的解释逐渐偏向于参与交换的人物而非交换的物品。这表明儿童利用社会知觉信息进行行为决策的能力在3~5岁间有明显的发展。     

时间信息在情景模型建构中的作用

考察时间信息在情景模型建构中的作用 ,探讨被试能否把一系列相关的事实整合进基于时间组织的情景模型中。实验一、二考察明确的空间信息条件下 ,被试能否把绝对和相对的时间信息整合到情景模型中 ;实验三考察无明确的空间信息条件下 ,被试能否把绝对的时间信息整合到情景模型中。运用扇效应研究的提取干扰技术评定是否出现了整合。 3个实验结果一致表明 ,当几个相关的事实发生在相同的时间段时 ,都发现被试建构了基于时间的情景模型的证据。实验三结果同时也表明 ,无明确的空间信息的条件下 ,阅读材料中时间信息本身足以使被试建构基于时间组织的情景模型。     

空间、权力与知识:福柯的地理学转向

福柯是将空间议题置于社会理论架构之中的关键人物之一,本文评述福柯关于知识、权力与空间之间的互动关系的论述,从而展现福柯地理学转向的基本理论脉络。     

麦角酰胺对家兔行为和背侧海马神经元活动的影响

实验观察了静脉或中脑中缝微量注射麦角酰胺(LSD)对清醒活动家兔行为和背侧海马神经元放电的影响。结果表明,LSD对家兔的行为,特别是舐嘴和转体活动有规律性的影响,两种行为变化的峰值始终有一间隔。静脉或中脑中缝核群注射LSD均可调制部分背侧海马神经元的活动,表现为放电频率的增加以及放电型式的改变。     

9970名中学生心理素质的研究

对北京市随机抽取的９９７０名中学生进行自编的《中学生心理素质测验》的测试,结果表明：（１）总体而言,中学生的心理素质水平良好。（２）年级越低,心理素质水平越高,年级越高,心理素质水平越低。（３）初中生的心理素质水平好于高中生。（４）在男女性别差异上,年级越低,男女差异越大,年级越高,差异越小。其中,男生在智力和情绪因子上心理素质水平好于女生,女生在注意力和道德感因子上心理素质水平好于男生。在对初中与高中的男女性别考验中也得到了一致的结论。     

中国人眼光谱相对视亮度函数的研究——Ⅲ.不同大小视野对V(λ)的影响

本实验采用闪烁光度法。本实验的视野是7°40′和20′,受试者5人,均属色觉正常者。年龄在30至50岁之间,具有一定实验经验。实验波长从420—700nm,其间隔为20nm,实验的亮度级为30cd/m~2。 四种视野相比较,其中2°视野V(λ)曲线引自明视函数,10°视角的材料来自CIE1964年补充标准观察者?10(λ),其结果:峰值的短波一侧随着视野的增加V(λ)值显著增加,而在峰值的长波一侧则无显著变化。     

Perceptual organization of apparent motion in the Ternus display

A typical Ternus display has three sequentially presented frames, in which frame 1 consists of three motion tokens, frame 2 (blank) defines the interstimulus interval, and frame 3 has similar motion tokens with their relative positions shifted to the right. Interestingly, what appears to be a seemingly simple arrangement of stimuli can induce one of two distinct apparent-motion percepts in the observer. The first is an element-motion perception where the left-end token is seen to jump over its two neighboring tokens (inner tokens) to the right end of the display. The second is a group-motion perception where the entire display of the three tokens is seen to move to the right. How does the visual system choose between these two apparent-motion perceptions? It is hypothesized that the choice of motion perception is determined in part by the perceptual organization of the motion tokens. Specifically, a group-motion perception is experienced when a strong grouping tendency exists among the motion tokens belonging to the same frame. Conversely, an element-motion perception is experienced when a strong grouping tendency exists between the inner motion tokens in frames 1 and 3 (i.e. the two tokens that overlap in space between frames). We tested this hypothesis by varying the perceptual organization of the motion tokens. Both spatial (form similarity, 3-D proximity, common surface/common region, and occlusion) and temporal (motion priming) factors of perceptual organization were tested. We found that the apparent-motion perception of the Ternus display can be predictably affected, in a manner consistent with the perceptual organization hypothesis.     

脑外伤患者记忆功能的双重特征：损伤与保存

该研究探讨了中─重型闭合性脑外伤患者及对照被试（各１７名）在对单个汉字不同水平的加工后,其外显记忆（自由回忆、再认）和内隐记忆（汉字补笔起动效应）的若干特点。发现：患者组外显记忆受损而内隐记忆正常;两组被试在深层意义加工中的外显记忆均强于在浅层表面加工中的外显记忆,这种语义易化现象以耗费更多的认知努力为代价,其中患者组耗费的尤多,而记忆效率却不及对照组。综上,脑外伤患者记忆功能呈损伤和保存双重性。     

The Machines Take Over: A Comparison of Various Supervised Learning Approaches for Automated Scoring of Divergent Thinking Tasks

Traditionally, researchers employ human raters for scoring responses to creative thinking tasks. Apart from the associated costs this approach entails two potential risks. First, human raters can be subjective in their scoring behavior (inter-rater-variance). Second, individual raters are prone to inconsistent scoring patterns (intra-rater-variance). In light of these issues, we present an approach for automated scoring of Divergent Thinking (DT) Tasks. We implemented a pipeline aiming to generate accurate rating predictions for DT responses using text mining and machine learning methods. Based on two existing data sets from two different laboratories, we constructed several prediction models incorporating features representing meta information of the response or features engineered from the response’s word embeddings that were obtained using pre-trained GloVe and Word2Vec word vector spaces. Out of these features, word embeddings and features derived from them proved to be particularly effective. Overall, longer responses tended to achieve higher ratings as well as responses that were semantically distant from the stimulus object. In our comparison of three state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, Random Forest and XGBoost tended to slightly outperform the Support Vector Regression.