插图在说明文阅读理解中的作用

研究的目的在于揭示插图对说明文阅读理解的影响。实验中使用移动窗口技术对阅读过程中插图的作用进行探讨,并考察空间想象能力在其中的作用。结果表明：１．插图可以改进说明文的阅读理解,提高阅读速度;２．插图可以帮助读者建立文章所描述物体的参照表征,在建立参照表征的过程中,插图有利于重要概念的理解和有关参照表征信息的整合;３．插图有助于空间想象能力低的读者理解重要概念以及整合有关信息。     

在中文阅读中字音、字形的作用及其发展转换

采用接近正常阅读的校对任务,探讨字音,字形在中文阅读中的作用及其发展变化,结果表彰词识别能力随着年级,语文能力的提高而增强。（２）在中文的字词识别过程中,确实存在着发展转换,初学阅读者在阅读中主要依靠的是字音;而成人熟练读者则主要依靠的是字形,在同一年级内,能力高的儿童首先向下一阶段转换。     

大学生SCL－90测试结果的研究

采用ＳＣＬ－９０临床症状自评量表,对随机抽取的安徽大学１－４年级２００名学生进行测试,结果表明：大学生心理健康总体水平低于全国成人常模;生源于城市和农村的大学生相比,总体差异不显著;生源于应届高中毕业生和历届高中毕业的大学生相比,在恐怖和精神病性两因子上,前者的均分显著高于后者;男女大学生相比,女大学生在抑郁和恐怖两个因子上的均分显著高于男大学生。     

恐惧发生与预防的实验研究：──Ⅰ、强烈噪音下恐具行为的动物模型

通过不同方法对ＳＤ型大鼠分四组进行实验处理,观察比较大鼠的行为,发现：在突然的高强度噪音条件下,大鼠出现恐惧的行为反应;强刺激组大鼠恐惧行为较控制组明显增多,行为的唤醒适应能力异常,并存在显著的个体差异;噪音脱敏训练对提高大鼠在高强噪音条件下的应激能力、减少恐惧具有良好的促进作用;在脱敏训练中尤以逐渐递增噪音强度、刺激时间与平均分配实验日结合的方法效果最为显著。     

内隐社会认知的初步实验研究

使用攻击和被攻击者相互作用的实验图片,随机抽取大学本科生９０名,采用３种加工类型×２种测验方式的混合设计来考察社会认知的无意识或内隐成分。结果表明：１．加工类型对被试的再认测验和偏好测验有不同的影响,即出现了实验性分离;２．内隐态度是可以测量的,且明显影响被试的社会判断     

成年熟练读者的汉字读音加工过程

本研究对成年熟练读者的汉字读音过程作了初步探讨。被试为大学生,实验材料以形声字为主,研究方法使用命名潜伏期法。实验一研究了不同字形、不同字频的单个汉字的读音,发现被试读汉字有直接提取、声旁及类似推理三种加工方式。高频字的读音以提取为主;中频字读音时,声旁和类似推理的作用增加;低频字读音时提取基本不起作用。实验二中发现,声旁的发音一致性对低频字的读音影响很大。激活熟悉的类似字,以确定刺激字的读音,是低频字读音的一个重要方式。     

Temporal Coding in Pavlovian Conditioning: Hall-Pearce Negative Transfer

The Hall-Pearce (1979) negative transfer effect in rats was used to examine whether temporal relationships are coded as part of the informational content of associations that result from CS-US pairings. The transfer effect consists of adeficit in conditioned responding following CS-US pairings in Phase 2 that results from prior CS-US pairings in Phase 1. strong weak Using conditioned bar-press suppression, we found that gaps of different duration between CS termination and US onset in the two training phases resulted in less of a Hall-Pearce negative transfer effect than did an equivalent gap in the twotraining phases. The results are discussed with respect tothe temporal coding hypothesis (Matzel, Held, &Miller, 1988), the Pearce and Hall (1980) model, and Bouton's (1993) interference model.     

社区卫生服务——体现效率与公正特征的改革之路

社区卫生服务比较全面地体现了公正与效率的原则，是卫生改革的一项重大举措。它公正有效地突破了固有的卫生体制；公正有效地实现了“人人享有初级卫生保健”的目的；公正有效地推进了医学模式的转移；公正有效地抓住了纠风的症结；公正有效地解决了医疗费居高不下的顽症。     

Do performance approach‐oriented individuals generate creative ideas? The roles of outcome instrumentality and task persistence

The literature is inconclusive about the positive and negative effects of performance approach goal orientation (PAGO) (i.e., a focus on demonstrating high performance and outperforming others) on creativity. To address this issue, this study examines when and how PAGO stimulates or hinders employee creativity. Drawing on trait activation theory and a self‐regulatory perspective, we propose that outcome instrumentality (i.e., the perception that one will receive desired organizational outcomes when performing well) moderates the effects of PAGO on task persistence bidirectionally, which, in turn, facilitates or hinders employee creativity. Results based on a two‐wave, multi‐source field survey provided strong support for our hypotheses. We found that the relationship between PAGO and task persistence was positive when outcome instrumentality was high but became negative when outcome instrumentality was low. Moreover, we found a moderated mediation effect, such that the indirect effect of PAGO on creativity through task persistence was positive when outcome instrumentality was high but negative when outcome instrumentality was low. These findings extend the PAGO literature by elucidating the goodness and badness of PAGO and provide practical implications on how to manage performance approach‐oriented employees to capitalize on their creative potentials and minimize the possible detrimental effects of PAGO on creativity.