Visual perceptual learning

Perceptual learning refers to the phenomenon that practice or training in perceptual tasks often substantially improves perceptual performance. Often exhibiting stimulus or task specificities, perceptual learning differs from learning in the cognitive or motor domains. Research on perceptual learning reveals important plasticity in adult perceptual systems, and as well as the limitations in the information processing of the human observer. In this article, we review the behavioral results, mechanisms, physiological basis, computational models, and applications of visual perceptual learning.     

高校毕业生求职行为的影响机制研究

基于计划-行为理论,考察了836名高校毕业生求职行为的预测因素及其影响机制。层次回归和结构方程分析表明,控制了城乡和政治面貌的效应后,求职自我效能、求职期望、情绪控制、人格外倾和主观支持是影响求职行为的有效因素,其中求职自我效能、情绪控制、人格外倾和主观支持分别正向预测求职行为,而求职期望则负向预测求职行为;求职意向在求职期望和求职行为、情绪控制和求职行为、主观支持和求职行为之间的中介效果均显著,在求职自我效能和求职行为以及人格外倾和求职行为之间的中介效果不显著。     

心算加工中tie effect的加工机制

tie effect主要表现为tie比nontie更快更准确解决,以及tie/nontie与问题大小的交互作用,较大题目的tie比nontie具有更明显的反应时优势,tie的问题大小效应比nontie要小的多。有关tie effect加工机制的解释主要有基于编码的理论和基于结果通达的理论。目前的研究主要通过操作问题呈现方式以及报告加工策略的方法分别考察编码方式及加工策略的影响,今后研究应开拓新的研究范式以加深对其加工机制的认识。     

Naturalized truth and Plantinga’s evolutionary argument against naturalism

There are three major theses in Plantinga’s latest version of his evolutionary argument against naturalism. (1) Given materialism, the conditional probability of the reliability of human cognitive mechanisms produced by evolution is low; (2) the same conditional probability given reductive or non-reductive materialism is still low; (3) the most popular naturalistic theories of content and truth are not admissible for naturalism. I argue that Plantinga’s argument for (1) presupposes an anti-materialistic conception of content, and it therefore begs the question against materialism. To argue for (2), Plantinga claims that the adaptiveness of a belief is indifferent to its truth. I argue that this claim is unsupported unless it again assumes an anti-materialistic conception of content and truth. I further argue that Plantinga’s argument for (3) is not successful either, because an improved version of teleosemantics can meet his criticisms. Moreover, this version of teleosemantics implies that the truth of a belief is (probabilistically) positively related to its adaptiveness, at least for simple beliefs about physical objects in human environments. This directly challenges Plantinga’s claim that adaptiveness is indifferent to truth.     

从司徒雷登看传教士和传教运动

司徒雷登是近代基督教传教士的典型人物。他一生做了两件对中国社会有影响的大事,一是办教育,尤其是成功创办燕京大学,获得中美各界赞誉;二是当美国驻华大使,以失败告终。他在中国办教育、出任大使,是为了同一个目的:以基督教精神改造中国。他爱中国,但更爱美国。他努力融合中西文化,提倡基督教本色化。从司徒雷登身上,可以看出:中国近代基督教传教运动是列强对外扩张的组成部分,而传教士往往是出于宗教热情参与其中。传教士主观上是传教,客观上促进了中西文化交流。今天,在殖民体系崩溃、全球经济一体化、区域文化多元化的时代背景下,依附于殖民体系的"差传"模式已成历史,取而代之的只能是相互交流和合作。     

回族穆斯林"尔曼里"文化解析

尔曼里作为回族文化的一部分,有着多元的文化类型,是伊斯兰教中国本土化的产物,在中国回族多元教派门宦的社会中,尔曼里具有着地域性和教派门宦的特征,其多元的文化类型是回族人多元认同的中国化表达。笔者认为,尔曼里作为一种回族民俗与宗教兼顾的族群行为,其形成的特定场景和历程决定着这一华俗存在的合理性。     

信息的实在性与非实在性

If taking information as a philosophical concept, we will find an important philosophical problem: whether or not is it of reality? This problem also produces such a paradox: If we accept its reality, we will eliminate the difference between information and matter, and attribute information to a physical phenomena,or clear up the independent features, value and significance of information. But if we deny the reality of information, we will deny the objectivity of information or existence of any objective in...     

脑信号导向蛋白Semaphorins3F与难治性癫痫

在神经发育过程中Semaphorins为轴突导向和神经细胞的迁移提供导向信息。这些导向分子通过抑制自发的或异常的轴突生长来维持己建立的神经连接,并参与突触可塑性以及中枢神经受损后抑制神经再生与神经细胞的死亡。目前,虽然对Semaphorins在神经发育、成熟及受损不同阶段中的功能己有初步的了解,但Semaphorins其受体多样,尚无法预测Sema-phorins与其受体的结合将产生的生物学效应以及Semaphorins在神经系统中起作用的分子机制。进一步研究Semaphorins对癫痫、精神分裂、老年痴呆症等神经系统性疾病的治疗具有深远意义。     

薪酬差距:对公司盈余管理与经营绩效的影响

本文以我国993家上市公司为样本,对高管层的薪酬差距与公司盈余管理行为和公司绩效的相关性进行了实证检验.发现上市公司高管层薪酬差距的扩大,有利于减少高管层的盈余管理串谋,从而抑制为了提高薪酬而进行的盈余管理行为.同时,薪酬差距的加大会激励高管层更加努力地工作,体现在薪酬差距大的公司总资产收益率更高.这一结果印证了锦标赛理论,而组织公平理论所主张的薪酬差距的加大对组织内部合作的破坏等负面效应目前在我国上市公司中尚未产生显著的影响.