触觉空间精确性与触觉神经元密度相关联的验证

本研究应用栅栏定向任务,通过对小学一年级儿童和大学生的触觉敏感性的比较,验证触觉敏感性与神经元密度的关系。结果表明：对较大的易于分辨的刺激,成人可以完成得较好,而对较细小的难于分辨的刺激,儿童成绩更好。本研究验证了高感受单元密度对应较强的触觉敏感性的假设。     

THOG问题的演译结构及其非Wason-Brooks判定方法

本文探讨THOG问题的演绎结构及其非Wason-Brooks判断方法,据于Wason-Brooks判断程序和THOG问题逻辑结构的分析导致如下结论：1．Wason-BrooksTHOG判定方法并非判定THOG的唯一方法;2、被试选择那一种演绎判定模式取决于被试如何对原问题进行等效表征转换;3．判断失败可能意味着被试存在短时记忆容量障碍或者等效表征转换障碍。     

应激对中国地鼠糖尿病发生的影响

研究实验性应激、情绪性、笼架水平在中国地鼠糖尿病发生中的作用强度及其交互作用,以确定中国地鼠糖尿病发生危险因素。结果表明实验性应激(震动、旋转合并限制)能促使中国地鼠血糖水平显著升高,糖尿病发病率增加,发病年龄提前;高情绪性中国地鼠,随着实验时间延长,其发病率也逐渐升高,并稳定在一定水平;析因方差分析提示,实验性应激与动物情绪性的交互作用对实验后中国地鼠的血糖变化起主要作用。     

Effects of retention intervals on the magnitude of optokinetic rotation-induced taste aversions.

This study investigated the effects of different retention intervals on the magnitude of optokinetic rotation-induced conditioned taste aversions in humans. Two experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, 20 subjects were divided into two groups, a CS-UCS group in which drinking soybean milk was paired with optokinetic rotation-induced gastric illness and a CS-Only group in which drinking soybean milk was not paired with optokinetic rotation. Analysis indicated that two days after pairing soybean milk drinking with optokinetic rotation, the subjects in the CS-UCS group had significantly reduced palatability ratings of soybean milk and lower consumption of soybean milk than those in the CS-Only group. In Exp. 2, 40 subjects were divided into four CS-UCS groups with 1-day, 3-day, 5 day, and 10-day retention intervals between the session of pairing soybean milk with optokinetic rotation and the session of retasting soybean milk. Analysis yielded no significant differences among four groups on palatability of soybean milk and consumption of soybean milk in the retasting session. It is concluded that optokinetic rotation is an effective unconditioned stimulus for conditioned taste aversions formation and that the aversion has a retention period of at least 10 days.     

Long-term follow-up of physical activity behavior in older adults.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the contribution of social-cognitive factors (self-efficacy and affect) in predicting long-term physical activity in a sample of older adults (N=174). DESIGN: A prospective design assessed physical activity and psychosocial variables at 2 and 5 years following a 6-month randomized, controlled exercise trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome variable was self-reported physical activity, with previous behavior, self-efficacy, and affect assessed as determinants of physical activity. RESULTS: Covariance modeling analyses indicated that physical activity at Year 2 was the strongest predictor of physical activity at 5-year follow-up. Both self-efficacy and affect at Year 2 were also associated with physical activity at Year 5, as was original treatment condition. Variables accounted for 35% of the variance in Year 5 activity. CONCLUSION: Older adults with higher levels of physical activity, more positive affect, and higher self-efficacy at Year 2 were more likely to continue to be active at Year 5. This study is one of the longest follow-ups of exercise behavior in older adults and has implications for structuring environments to maximize the maintenance of physical activity.     

犹太科学运动的政治和民族动因

19世纪上半叶,在犹太学领域兴起的科学运动是在欧洲民族主义普遍发展、现代反犹主义加剧的情况下进行的,它的背后潜藏着深厚政治和民族动因。德意志民族主义一方面强化了反犹主义,使得犹太知识精英在文化界特别是大学面临困境,犹太人从痛苦的经历中感受了一种前所未有的民族存在意识。作为一种正面力量,德意志民族浪漫主义思潮也激发并强化了犹太民族自信心,它与启蒙时代的理性主义汇合,为科学犹太学提供了动力。因此,犹太科学运动可以被看作是犹太民族史上的一场文化复兴运动。     

加压素对记忆巩固过程作用的研究 Ⅲ.GABA能药物对加压素易化大白鼠被动回避反应的影响

本文以平台被动回避反应为行为模式,采用侧脑室微量注射AVP和GABA能受体激动剂蝇蕈醇(Muscimol)、受体拮抗剂印防己毒素(Picrotoxin),进一步研究了AVP易化记忆巩固效应及与中枢GABA能系统的关系。主要实验结果如下: 1.AVP对被动回避行为模式的学习训练过程无促进作用,但促进了这种行为的记忆巩固过程,注射AVP的动物记忆保持能力显著高于对照组动物,有效剂量为30ng/大鼠。 2.侧脑室注射100ng/大鼠蝇蕈醇后,AVP仍非常显著地保持其行为效应,但注射100ng/大鼠印防己毒素后,AVP的效应已见下降,剂量增至300ng/大鼠后,AVP的效应已被完全消除。 实验结果再次提示,加压素具有促进记忆巩固过程的中枢性效应,脑内GABA能神经元的活动可能参与了这种效应。     

DGAVP易化记忆巩固过程与脑内蛋白质合成关系的探讨

本实验研究了脱甘氨酰胺精氨酸加压素(DGAVP)易化记忆巩固过程的作用,证明DGAVP能够防止蛋白质合成抑制剂茴香霉素(ANI)对记忆的破坏作用,并从突触体水平上探讨了DGAVP的作用与蛋白质合成的关系。 实验结果表明:(1)在复杂迷宫趋食反应中,DGAVP能够增强小鼠对觅食路径的记忆。(2)ANI破坏小鼠的记忆,而预先给予DGAVP则能防止ANI的破坏作用;在一次性被动回避反应中ANI和DGAVP的作用与迷宫实验的结果一致。(3)ANI抑制究触体对蛋白质合成前体亮氨酸的摄取,作用非常显著。DGAVP能够改善ANI的抑制效应,体外和体内的实验结果完全一致。实验结果提示DGAVP的作用机制与蛋白质合成有一定关系。     

肢体伤残者心理康复的试探性研究

三年来,根据接待配装假肢及康复治疗伤残病人的实际情况,我们选择了感觉、知觉和记忆三个项目,进行了测定,即:(1)伤残部位和对应部位的两点阈值测定;(2)装戴假手后提重差别阈限的测定;(3)再认能力测定。结果表明,这些测定对伤残病人的康复治疗和心理评定都有一定的参考价值。