青少年篮球运动员"Choking"心理机制的实验研究

Choking现象是指在压力条件下一种习惯的运动过程发生衰变的现象.本研究以28名专业青少年篮球运动员为对象,设置高压和低压两种实验条件,采用被试内平衡实验设计方法,揭示了青少年篮球运动员Choking现象产生的心理机制.研究表明:(1)青少年篮球运动员的公众自我意识、竞赛特质焦虑和积极应对方式能有效解释37.5%的Choking指数变异,公众自我意识对Choking指数有显著的回归效应(β=0.41);(2)青少年篮球运动员的竞赛特质焦虑、自我意识、应对方式三者之间有一定的联系.     

基于信号检测论的新业务投资决策有限理性实验

采用情境模拟实验,以60名MBA/EMBA学员为被试,对新业务投资决策的4个主要因素、36个处理、12个信号检测单元进行了观察分析.研究发现:①辨别力最强的决策信息组合、判断标准最高的决策信息组合,以及辨别力和判断标准 "双低"的决策信息组合;②影响决策者的有限理性存在程度差别,强弱依次是投资情境、面对机会、投资模式和以往机会.     

小学四年级叙述文阅读理解策略教学的实验研究

本研究采用干预教学的方法对吉林省松原市油区测井小学的四年级学生进行了对比实验研究,探讨叙述文阅读理解策略教学对提高小学生阅读能力的有效性.结果表明:1阅读理解策略教学未提高学生自我知觉的阅读策略使用情况;2阅读理解策略教学提高了学生使用阅读策略的能力;3阅读理解策略教学提高了学生的阅读成绩.     

Labels can override perceptual categories in early infancy

An extensive body of research claims that labels facilitate categorisation, highlight the commonalities between objects and act as invitations to form categories for young infants before their first birthday. While this may indeed be a reasonable claim, we argue that it is not justified by the experiments described in the research. We report on a series of experiments that demonstrate that labels can play a causal role in category formation during infancy. Ten-month-old infants were taught to group computer-displayed, novel cartoon drawings into two categories under tightly controlled experimental conditions. Infants were given the opportunity to learn the two categories under four conditions: Without any labels, with two labels that correlated with category membership, with two labels assigned randomly to objects, and with one label assigned to all objects. Category formation was assessed identically in all conditions using a novelty preference procedure conducted in the absence of any labels. The labelling condition had a decisive impact on the way infants formed categories: When two labels correlated with the visual category information, infants learned two categories, just as if there had been no labels presented. However, uncorrelated labels completely disrupted the formation of any categories. Finally, consistent use of a single label across objects led infants to learn one broad category that included all the objects. These findings demonstrate that even before infants start to produce their first words, the labels they hear can override the manner in which they categorise objects.     

农村初一学生自我概念发展的特点及培养对策

目的:探讨农村初一学生自我概念的各成分和整体自我概念上发展的特点。方法:以Piers-Harris儿童自我概念量表为工具对149名农村初一学生进行测量。结果:农村初一学生自我概念与城市常模存在显著性差异,得分明显低于城市常模;农村初一女生在行为、智力与学校情况以及总分上显著优于男生。结论:培养农村初一学生保持良好而积极的自我概念。     

感知价值、满意度与继续使用意向—基于3G用户的实证研究

本文考察感知价值、满意度对继续使用意向的作用机理。基于相关理论与实证研究,我们首先提出3G用户继续使用意向概念模型与研究假设,然后通过实证研究对假设进行检验。研究结果表明感知价值和满意度决定继续使用意向。满意度是继续使用意向最强的预测因子。感知有用性和感知使用成本既直接作用于继续使用意向,也通过满意度间接作用于继续使用意向。感知易用性和感知形象提升直接作用于继续使用意向,而不需要通过满意度的中介作用。     

Academic Integrity from China to the United States: The Acculturation Process for Chinese Graduate Students in the United States

The ethics-related beliefs of Chinese international graduate students are heavily influenced by their academic cultural background, and given the nature of that culture, they often face challenges when adapting to the U.S. academic environment. This qualitative study examines Chinese graduate students’ perceptions of the differences between Chinese and American academic integrity practices and the effects of those differences on their ethical practices and adaptations in a graduate program in the United States. Data were collected via semistructured interviews in a public university in the United States. Findings suggest that perceptions of academic integrity in Chinese universities are influenced by Confucian philosophy, collectivist assumptions, and a resultant convenience mind-set. These cultural premises clash with academic expectations in the United States. Participants describe how they, and their Chinese peers, navigate U.S. integrity standards and provide recommendations for ways that U.S. schools can help them better adjust. We expand on those and provide recommendations for university personnel.     

Survey on Using Ethical Principles in Environmental Field Research with Place-Based Communities

Science and Engineering Ethics - Researchers of the Northeast Ethics Education Partnership (NEEP) at Brown University sought to improve an understanding of the ethical challenges of field...     

Sadder but wiser: Emotional reactions and wisdom in a simulated suicide intervention

Scholars within the Berlin paradigm have analysed participants' responses to a hypothetical vignette about a friend's suicide ideation. However, no study has yet focused on participants' emotional reactions to this scenario, an important aspect of wisdom performance. We conducted a Thin‐Slice Wisdom study where participants were asked to give advice to a hypothetical friend contemplating suicide. We analysed their emotional profiles using facial expression analysis software (FACET2.1 and FACEREADER7.1). Participants' verbal responses were also transcribed and then scored by 10 raters using the Berlin criteria. Results revealed that the sadder the participants felt, the wiser their performance. Wiser participants may have been better at exploring this sad, but true, existential human dilemma.     

中小学生校园阅读推进的主要问题与对策研究——以广州市越秀区小学为例

全民阅读是党和国家高度重视的发展战略,校园阅读是其中的重点,然而,目前我国校园阅读的开展并不理想。通过在广州市中小学进行大规模阅读状况调研发现,校园阅读工作开展一直面临“难知、难导、难管”的瓶颈,实际成效不佳。对此,该研究提出了通过构建“互联网+中小学生成长阅读平台”推进校园阅读的创新举措,并在广州市越秀区20多所小学实施试点实验; 历时半年,成效显著,学生在阅读的重视程度、投入时间、阅读课外图书的意义性与均衡性、阅读的方式方法及家校支持等方面均有明显提升。据此,提出推进校园阅读的三点建议:应做好顶层设计和建立系统管理与评价机制,应形成家校合作的支持网络,应推广共建学生校园阅读综合信息平台。