Two types of behavioral inhibition: Relations to effortful control and attention in school children

This study aimed to examine the relationship of two types of behavioral inhibition, social inhibition and nonsocial inhibition, to effortful control and attention in 7–9-year olds. Social and nonsocial inhibition and effortful control were assessed by questionnaires. The child version of the Attention Network Task was used to measure attention including alerting, orienting and executive attention. Results indicated that in girls, social inhibition was negatively related to effortful control and alerting, while nonsocial inhibition was positively related to orienting; there was an interaction between social and nonsocial inhibition in predicting executive attention in boys. Thus, it is of great significance to differentiate social and nonsocial inhibition when examining the association between behavioral inhibition and effortful control and attention in school-age children.     

Differential emotion attribution to neutral faces of own and other races

Past research has demonstrated differential recognition of emotion on faces of different races. This paper reports the first study to explore differential emotion attribution to neutral faces of different races. Chinese and Caucasian adults viewed a series of Chinese and Caucasian neutral faces and judged their outward facial expression: neutral, positive, or negative. The results showed that both Chinese and Caucasian viewers perceived more Chinese faces than Caucasian faces as neutral. Nevertheless, Chinese viewers attributed positive emotion to Caucasian faces more than to Chinese faces, whereas Caucasian viewers attributed negative emotion to Caucasian faces more than to Chinese faces. Moreover, Chinese viewers attributed negative and neutral emotion to the faces of both races without significant difference in frequency, whereas Caucasian viewers mostly attributed neutral emotion to the faces. These differences between Chinese and Caucasian viewers may be due to differential visual experience, culture, racial stereotype, or expectation of the experiment. We also used eye tracking among the Chinese participants to explore the relationship between face-processing strategy and emotion attribution to neutral faces. The results showed that the interaction between emotion attribution and face race was significant on face-processing strategy, such as fixation proportion on eyes and saccade amplitude. Additionally, pupil size during processing Caucasian faces was larger than during processing Chinese faces.     

Phonological Bases for L2 Morphological Learning

Two experiments examined the hypothesis that L1 phonological awareness plays a role in children’s ability to extract morphological patterns of English as L2 from the auditory input. In Experiment 1, 84 Chinese-speaking third graders were tested on whether they extracted the alternation pattern between the base and the derived form (e.g., inflate – inflation) from multiple exposures. Experiment 2 further assessed children’s ability to use morphological cues for syntactic categorization through exposures to novel morphologically varying forms (e.g., lutate vs. lutant) presented in the corresponding sentential positions (noun vs. verb). The third-grade EFL learners revealed emergent sensitivity to the morphological cues in the input but failed in fully processing intraword variations. The learners with poorer L1 PA were likely to encounter difficulties in identifying morphological alternation rules and in discovering the syntactic properties of L2 morphology. In addition to L1 PA, L2 vocabulary knowledge also contributed significantly to L2 morphological learning.     

论行政伦理学的学科性质

行政伦理学既不是交叉学科也不是应用伦理学,它是公共行政学的一个分支,属于社会科学的范畴.行政伦理学的价值以及存在和发展的依据,在于是否能以经验研究的方式探讨公共行政中的伦理问题并为公共行政实践提供知识,为公共行政理论提供新观念.     

伊斯兰与自由的公民权——试析塔里格·拉玛丹的西方穆斯林观

作为一位欧洲伊斯兰公共知识分子,塔里格·拉玛丹认为,从伊斯兰原则本身出发,就可获得西方穆斯林与西方社会相融合的基础和动力。西方穆斯林首先应恪守不可改变的伊斯兰基本原则,保持其宗教认同;但与此同时,他们却可以转变那些与当代世界严重脱节的文化观念和习俗,摒弃伊斯兰与西方水火不容的成见,走向与西方社会的深度融合。为此,拉玛丹进一步提出了实现融合的具体路径,这就是改革伊斯兰教育、加强文明对话和重建公民伦理。伊斯兰认同与国家认同可以同时并存,伊斯兰与西方现代性亦能达成重叠共识与和解共生,而这将为全人类的共同发展作出重要的贡献。     

企业员工工作不安全感的实证分析

该研究采用自编的工作不安全感问卷,通过对武汉、广州、成都、太原等地12家企业的787名员工进行问卷调查,对企业员工工作不安全感的维度进行了探讨。探索性因素分析表明,企业员工的工作不安全感包括工作丧失、工作执行、薪酬晋升、过度竞争和人际关系不安全感等五个维度。五因素模型在验证性因素分析中得到了较好地验证。文章最后对工作不安全感的维度构成以及测量等相关问题进行了讨论。     

平均数差异显著性检验统计检验力和效果大小的估计原理与方法

该文以平均数差异显著性检验为例,对实验数据进行假设检验后,继续对其统计检验力和效果大小进行估计的基本原理和方法作一介绍。     

六朝时期的道教

该文选自法国马伯乐《道教与中国宗教》(Henri Maspero,Le Taoism et Les Religions Chinoises,Edi-tions Galllimard,1971)中"六朝时期中国人宗教信仰中的道教"(Le Taoisme Dans Les Croyances Religieuses Des Chinois A L’Epoque Des Six Dynasties)一章,第293页至330页。     

An examination of blue- versus white-collar workers’ conceptualizations of job satisfaction facets

This study examined the degree to which blue- versus white-collar workers differentially conceptualize various job facets, namely the work itself, co-workers, supervisors, and pay. To examine these potential differences, we conducted a series of analyses on job satisfaction ratings from two samples of university workers. Consistent with the study hypothesis, results revealed that blue- and white-collar workers held different conceptualizations regarding the nature of co-workers, pay, and the work itself, but not of supervisors. In general, more dimensions for each facet emerged for the white-collar workers, suggesting that these individuals possess more differentiated and multidimensional evaluations of these job facets than do blue-collar workers. Discussion focuses on the meaning and implications of the findings.     

延迟时间与反应设置对任务切换的影响

采用任务线索范式,探讨了在不同反应设置条件下,延迟时间对任务切换的影响,以揭示在延迟时间内之前任务设置延迟的认知加工。以切换代价为主要测量指标,结果表明,反应设置和延迟时间的主效应均不显著,但是二者的交互作用显著。简单效应分析发现,在双向设置条件下,切换代价随着延迟时间的延长而显著减少,但是在单向设置条件下无显著差异。这说明,在任务切换中反应设置对延迟时间的影响效应具有调节作用。由此可见,在延迟时间内之前任务设置延迟的是反应设置。