道教

本文从对道教产生之前社会的生死、灵魂观念及种种人神交往巫术的分析入手,对道教特别是早期道教的组织结构、宗教生活、斋仪、修炼方法及其发展作了研究。     

组织行为的完全归因模型

本文首先阐述了对组织行为进行归因认知的必要性,分析了组织行为的认知基础,在此基础上提出"完全归因"的概念并分析其要素与过程.为推进归因理论的社会应用,本文进一步给出了完全归因的初步模型.该模型充分考虑时空环境和心智环境的复杂性,并将归因推断与归因效果分析统一起来,对组织行为的归因认知过程进行了完整的描述.     

5·12四川地震灾民社会支持的调查

使用自编地震灾民社会支持感知量表（Perceived Social Support Scale for Earthquake Survivors, PSSS-ES）和贝克抑郁量表测查德阳、绵竹和什邡共304名灾民,以此检验自编地震灾民社会支持量表的信效度,并考察5·12地震灾民的社会支持感知状况及其与抑郁之间的关系。研究结果显示,PSSS-ES由12个题项组成,包含工具性支持、信息性支持和情感性支持三个维度;各维度题项的探索性因素分析因素负荷分别为0.50~0.86、0.70~0.85、0.66~0.85,累积方差贡献率为 58.98%;PSSS-ES整体及3个维度的内部一致性系数分别为0.85、0.63、0.72和0.84;三个分量表之间的相关系数介于0.41~0.51。低社会支持组的抑郁量表得分显著高于高社会支持组。PSSS-ES是测量地震灾民社会支持较为有效的工具。总体来说灾民在各方面都得到了一定的社会支持,但在信息性支持方面相对欠缺,而该方面又与抑郁症状呈较高负相关     

大学生的幽默风格与人格特征的关系

采用幽默风格量表和艾森克人格问卷简式量表对318名大学生进行问卷测量.结果显示,幽默风格量表的四因素结构在中国大学生样本中也存在.中国大学生的某些幽默风格类型在性别、年级和专业上存在显著差异.亲和型、自强型幽默风格与外向性显著正相关,与精神质、神经质显著负相关;嘲讽型、自贬型幽默风格与精神质、神经质显著正相关,嘲讽型幽默风格与外向性显著负相关.回归分析表明外向性是亲和型和自强型幽默风格的重要预测变量,而精神质是嘲讽型和自贬型幽默风格的重要预测变量.     

时间压力对风险决策中框架效应的影响

时间压力是决策的重要因素.研究引入时间压力变量(高时间压力、非时间压力),探索了时间压力对风险决策的框架效应的影响.结果显示:(1)时间压力弱化了风险决策的框架效应;(2)时间压力情境下的框架效应是一个精细加工的过程.     

4～5岁儿童一一对应任务中的比例效应

一一对应和数量比较是幼儿数概念发展的两个重要方面。在本研究中．40名4岁和39名5岁的儿童分别完成了不同比例数量的一一对应任务和数量比较任务。结果表明：（1）两种实验任务下均出现比例效应．说明儿童在解决一一对应问题时,仍然用数量比较的方法来进行判断;（2）任务类型的主效应显著,一一对应任务下的正确率要显著低于数量比较任务下的正确率;（3）知觉线索更多地影响数量比较任务。     

Abusive supervision, intentions to quit, and employees’ workplace deviance: A power/dependence analysis

We conducted a two-study examination of relationships between abusive supervision and subordinates’ workplace deviance. Consistent with predictions derived from power/dependence theory, the results of a cross-sectional study with employees from three organizations suggest that abusive supervision is more strongly associated with subordinates’ organization deviance and supervisor-directed deviance when subordinates’ intention to quit is higher. The results also support the prediction that when intention to quit is higher, abusive supervision is more strongly associated with supervisor-directed deviance than with organization-directed deviance. These results were replicated in a second study, a two-wave investigation of people employed in a variety of industries and occupations.     

The effects of wording on the understanding and use of uncertainty information in a threshold forecasting decision

Many believe that information about small chances of severe weather would be useful to the general public for precautionary action. What is the best way to explain this kind of information to a non‐expert audience? The studies reported here investigated effects of framing (negative vs. positive), format (frequency vs. probability), likelihood (low vs. high) and compatibility (task‐match) on interpretation of verbal expressions of forecast uncertainty and on subsequent forecasting decisions. The crucial factor was the match between the verbal expression and the overall task goal. Errors increased when there was a mismatch between the expression (e.g. winds less than 20 knots) and the task (e.g. post an advisory when winds will exceed 20 knots). However, framing and format had little impact. We conclude that consideration of user expectations arising from the overall task goal is crucial in explaining uncertainty information to a naïve audience. Global expectations overpower other potential effects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“应然”与“能然”——舍勒的价值论的德行论

情态动词用法的"应当"和"能够"在舍勒那里以专有名词用法的"应然"和"能然"予以讨论.在舍勒看来,应然和能然各自奠基于价值之中,都与爱、人格等有着本质的联系,是德行成就不可或缺的因素.舍勒以价值伦理学为根基,对以往关于应然和能然的思想作了厘清和批判,形成了讲求应然能然均衡的德行成就论.     

产业融合背景下流通业培育核心竞争能力的再思考

本文根据演化论思想,分析了新经济时代的本质特征及其对我国流通企业的影响,在此基础提出了我国流通企业的核心竞争能力的构成要素,并进一步指出了培育核心竞争能力的实现途径.