孔子生活哲学四论

作为一个伟大的智者,孔子既仰望"天文",又俯察"人文".他关注现实人生,着意思考生活的真谛.孔子着力为生活辩护,主张人有追求物质满足的权利;他认为这种权利就是人人共享的,理想的社会是人人各得其所的公平的社会.孔子还倡导人应过一种理性的生活,应注重对生活精神意义的品味.     

非目标工作记忆表征下颜色关联和抽象关联的注意捕获和抑制

采用工作记忆—视觉搜索双任务范式,探讨在非目标工作记忆表征下,颜色关联和抽象关联干扰子的注意捕获和抑制现象。实验一结果发现,颜色关联干扰子在快速反应阶段捕获注意,随后被成功抑制;抽象关联干扰子仍能捕获注意。实验二消除知觉凸显后,结果发现颜色关联条件的抑制消失,干扰子重新捕获注意。结果表明,有效抑制策略受不同关联干扰子加工先后顺序的影响,选择性抑制颜色关联干扰子,而颜色特征的凸显有助于抑制策略形成。     

试析清代的《西游记》道教评点本

清代先后出现过六家以金丹之道评点小说《西游记》的评点本,论者往往以一句金丹之道概括后,就弃之不论。本文就此进行分析,以获得对少有论述的这一问题的清晰认识。六家评点本有一个清晰的发展过程。《西游记》各评点将道教内丹修炼的要旨一一指出,批驳内丹学之外的一切旁门左道,借助五行和《易经》的义理和卦象阐释金丹之道,将《悟真篇》等内丹修炼的诗歌广泛运用于评点之中。这构成了《西游记》道教评点本金丹之道评点的主要内容。《西游记》小说回目和文本中大量的宗教术语和诗词,是使评点者以宗教眼光看待和评点《西游记》的最表层化的因素;中国文人以文证道的思维模式,是其更为深入的内在原因;评点者身份的改变及其思维的进一步道教化、非文学化,是《西游记》评本道教化的内在动力;《西游记》内丹学的阐释也是清代道教总体衰微,而内丹学却特盛的体现。     

传统和现代视野中的自谦

自谦可以理解为是通过低调的自我呈现,以柔克刚、以弱胜强的和谐控制过程。它是文化背景、个体特征和情境变量交互作用的函数,也是由利益和情感共同驱动的。自谦主要出于"和合"、"远耻"、"隐显"的动机。自谦对于心理健康的积极意义在于,它是一种符合文化期待的自我实现方式。对于组织行为而言,自谦不能简单的理解为能改善员工自我评估和监管者评估间的一致性,而是有可能使问题更加复杂。     

5～9岁儿童对平抛运动函数关系朴素认识的发展

本研究采用预测任务,考察了120名5～9岁儿童对平抛运动中函数关系朴素认识的发展情况,结果发现:绝大多数5岁儿童都未能有效地考虑到甬数关系中两个因素中的任何一个因素;7岁组中这类儿童明显减少,考虑到速度一个因素的儿童明显增多并达到一半,到9岁时依然在一半左右;同时考虑到速度、高度两个因素的儿童则随着年龄增长而缓慢增加.这一发展趋势与儿童对平抛运动过程朴素认识发展趋势类似.     

当代反实在论的语言转向

科学实在论与反实在论自始至终都作为科学哲学领域重要的两大对立分支在不休的论争中存在并发展。尽管反实在论在整个科学哲学发展历程中的各个阶段的表现形式不尽相同,但由于他们从各自不同的角度对科学实在论进行了怀疑和攻击,或强或弱地都表现出了“对科学实在论的乐观主义的‘反动’”[1],因而他们在这个基础上结成了广泛的联盟,并对科学实在论进行深刻的批评。正像反实在论的著名代表范·弗拉森所指出的:“劳丹于1981年出版的论文集《科学和假设》赋予我对特定的哲学观点以新的洞察……。它的反实在论和他的论证虽然与我不同,但我们却…     

胚胎期糖皮质激素系统在光照改善小鸡记忆中的作用

该研究采用胚胎期药物注射法和小鸡一次性被动回避反应行为模型,观察了皮质酮和地塞米松对暗孵化小鸡记忆的影响,以及两类皮质激素受体颉颃剂RU-486和Spironolactone对光照以及皮质酮效应的阻断作用。结果表明,糖皮质激素可明显改善暗孵化小鸡的记忆;两类受体颉颃剂均阻断了光照和皮质酮对暗孵化小鸡记忆的改善作用,但糖皮质激素受体对小鸡记忆的作用是特异性的,盐皮质激素主要通过对小鸡的基本状态的改变来影响记忆活动。因此,糖皮质激素及其受体系统参与了光照对小鸡记忆的作用过程。     

The Observer Video-Pro: New software for the collection, management, and presentation of time-structured data from videotapes and digital media files

The Observer Video-Pro is a system for collecting, managing, analyzing, and presenting observational data. It integrates The Observer software with time code and multimedia hardware components. It extends the functionality of a conventional real-time event recording program in various ways. Observational data can be collected, reviewed, and edited with synchronized display of the corresponding video images. For optimal visual feedback during coding, one can display the video image in a window on the computer screen. Video playback from either a VCR or a digital media file can be controlled by the computer, allowing software-controlled jog, shuttle, and search functions. Besides a wide range of VCRs, The Observer Video-Pro supports all major digital video file formats. The software allows the user to summarize research findings in numerical, graphical, or multimedia format. One can create a time-event plot for a quick glance at the temporal structure of the observed process, or run specific analysis procedures and generate reports with statistics. An Event Summary function is available for exploratory and qualitative analysis. Video material can be summarized in a Video Play List, which allows on-screen summary presentations or the creation of highlight compilations on tape, CD, or other media. Video images can be captured and saved as disk files, for use as illustrations in documents, slides for presentations, and so forth. In this paper we describe the design and operation of the system, illustrated with a case study from research on Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI).     

Nurturing and Enhancing Creativity of Nursing Students in Taiwan: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Creativity and innovation are considered important measures of core competence in Taiwan for students of all levels, including nursing students. Integrating creativity with interdisciplinary teaching modules could increase creativity for nursing students; however, this has not been empirically determined. The purpose of this study was to determine if incorporating interdisciplinary teaching into a teaching for creativity module (TCM) could enhance creative thinking and creative abilities of nursing students. Students enrolled in a capstone nursing course for the development of healthcare-related products were divided into 2 groups. Both groups participated in the 18-week course; however, one group received creativity training with interdisciplinary teaching during the course, which was taught by nursing faculty who completed a TCM workshop. Students who received the interdisciplinary TCM intervention scored significantly higher than controls on measures of creative thinking. Our findings suggest a TCM program, which incorporates interdisciplinary teaching, and instruction in techniques for creativity, such as brainstorming, attribute listing, assessment matrix, and paired comparison, can stimulate divergent thinking abilities of nursing students.     

Religious Discrimination Scale: Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation

Journal of Religion and Health - This study presents the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Religious Discrimination Scale (RDS). This 11-item instrument identified three...