汉语双字词超音段信息在语义激活中的作用

采用眼动方法,通过两个实验考察了汉语双字词超音段信息在语义激活中的作用。结果显示：（1）汉语双字词语义激活过程中,分别改变首字声调和尾字声调对语义激活起到抑制作用,首字声调改变时的抑制作用更大。结果支持了Cohort模型。（2）语义相关词的注视点和注视时间远远多于其控制词,但没有发现词频效应。（3）汉语声调的加工过程与声韵母一样,独立作用于语义激活过程。     

Self-construal priming modulates neural substrates of self-awareness

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess whether self-construal priming can change adults' self-awareness induced during face perception. After reading essays containing independent or interdependent pronouns (e.g., I or we), participants were scanned while judging the head orientation of images showing their own and familiar faces. Neural activity in the right middle frontal cortex was greater when participants viewed their own rather than familiar faces, and this difference was larger after independent than after interdependent self-construal priming. The increased right frontal activity for participants' own faces relative to familiar faces was associated with faster responses. Our findings suggest that the neural correlates of self-awareness associated with recognition of one's own face can be modulated by self-construal priming in human adults.     

Re-thinking stages of cognitive development: an appraisal of connectionist models of the balance scale task

The present paper re-appraises connectionist attempts to explain how human cognitive development appears to progress through a series of sequential stages. Models of performance on the Piagetian balance scale task are the focus of attention. Limitations of these models are discussed and replications and extensions to the work are provided via the Cascade-Correlation algorithm. An application of multi-group latent class analysis for examining performance of the networks is described and these results reveal fundamental functional characteristics of the networks. Evidence is provided that strongly suggests that the networks are unable to acquire a mastery of torque and, although they do recover certain rules of operation that humans do, they also show a propensity to acquire rules never previously seen.     

慢性应激对大鼠海马Akt/FKHRL1信号通路活性的影响

探讨慢性应激对大鼠海马Akt/FKHRL1信号通路活性的影响,及其应激源特异性。将24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为心理应激组、束缚应激组和正常对照组（n=8）。用Western-blotting方法测定28天应激后海马Akt、FKHRL1蛋白含量及其磷酸化水平。结果表明,应激后三组大鼠海马磷酸化Akt、FKHRL1含量差异有统计学意义（p < 0.01;p < 0.001）,束缚应激组低于正常对照组（p < 0.01）。提示慢性应激能导致海马磷酸化Akt、FKHRL1表达水平降低,但其影响程度与应激源特异性有关     

E-Z阅读者模型的新进展

该文介绍了以序列加工假设为基础的眼动控制模型——E-Z阅读者模型的基本内容和最新进展(模型6-9)。新的E-Z阅读者模型可以有效解释阅读过程中认知加工的眼动控制机制。随着研究的深入,E-Z阅读者模型的结构不断发展完善,而且还促进了许多新的眼动研究。     

Feelings and Consumer Decision Making: The Appraisal‐Tendency Framework

This article presents the Appraisal‐Tendency Framework (ATF; Lerner & Keltner, 2000, 2001; Lerner & Tiedens, 2006) as a basis for predicting the influence of specific emotions on consumer decision making. In particular, the ATF addresses how and why specific emotions carry over from past situations to color future judgments and choices. After reviewing the main assumptions and the 5 main principles of the framework, 2 streams of research are presented. One stream addresses emotional carryover effects on the assessment of risk; the other addresses carryover effects on the assessment of monetary value. Because risk assessment and value assessment are fundamental psychological processes, understanding them has the potential to yield manifold implications for consumer judgment and decision making. The concluding sections highlight limitations and future directions of the framework.     

An EZ-diffusion model for response time and accuracy

The EZ-diffusion model for two-choice response time tasks takes mean response time, the variance of response time, and response accuracy as inputs. The model transforms these data via three simple equations to produce unique values for the quality of information, response conservativeness, and nondecision time. This transformation of observed data in terms of unobserved variables addresses the speed—accuracy trade-off and allows an unambiguous quantification of performance differences in two-choice response time tasks. The EZ-diffusion model can be applied to data-sparse situations to facilitate individual subject analysis. We studied the performance of the EZ-diffusion model in terms of parameter recovery and robustness against misspecification by using Monte Carlo simulations. The EZ model was also applied to a real-world data set.     

应对效能、工作压力与教师职业枯竭的关系

通过对29所高中阶段学校763名教师的问卷调查,主要研究了教师应对效能和工作压力对教师职业枯竭的预测作用。分析结果表明：（1）应对效能对教师的职业枯竭具有显著的预测作用,自信程度、胜任力对情绪衰竭、非人性化和认知枯竭的预测作用显著,胜任力和认知水平对个人成就感有显著的预测作用;（2）工作压力对教师的职业枯竭具有显著的预测作用,导致教师职业枯竭的工作压力因素有：领导与管理、工作负荷、考试升学因素、人际关系;（3）通过对工作压力和应对效能的联合考察能够更好地预测教师的职业枯竭。     

基于不同研究取向的应对问卷述评

随着社会的发展,人们现实和精神压力的增大,压力应对方式的研究日益受到广泛重视。研究者们依据不同的理论模型建构了各种应对问卷,此文总结了5种主要的应对研究取向,包括应对过程研究取向、应对特质研究取向、应对认知思维研究取向、应对能力研究取向以及特定情境应对研究取向等,并对相应的问卷做了一个整体的回顾,最后提出了应对研究发展的新方向以及对应对测量工具提出的新要求     

广泛性焦虑障碍的元认知理论

广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）是一种以担忧为核心心理特征的,并伴有机体紧张等躯体症状的焦虑障碍。Wells的元认知模型通过探讨GAD患者的病态性担忧的形成、运作和循环,提出了GAD患者存在两种担忧的假设——Ⅰ型担忧和Ⅱ型担忧（元担忧）,并认为元担忧是导致患者的弥漫的、持续的以及难以控制的担忧的核心因素。由该模型发展起来的元认知疗法在治疗GAD过程中体现出有效的作用。