Why do we move our eyes while trying to remember? The relationship between non-visual gaze patterns and memory

Non-visual gaze patterns (NVGPs) involve saccades and fixations that spontaneously occur in cognitive activities that are not ostensibly visual. While reasons for their appearance remain obscure, convergent empirical evidence suggests that NVGPs change according to processing requirements of tasks. We examined NVPGs in tasks with long-term memory (LTM) and working memory (WM) requirements. Experiment 1 yielded significantly higher eye movement rate (EMR) in tasks requiring LTM search than in a WM task requiring maintenance of information. Experiment 2 manipulated accessibility of items in study-test episodic tasks using the levels of processing paradigm. EMR was high in episodic recall irrespective of item accessibility. Experiment 3 examined functional significance of saccades in LTM tasks. Voluntary saccadic suppression produced no evidence that saccades contribute to task performance. We discuss the apparent epiphenomenal nature of spontaneous saccades from an evolutionary perspective and outline a neuroanatomical model of the link between the saccadic and memory system.     

浅析有关印巴分治的若干观点

在研究了大量档案材料之后,作者就印巴分治问题提出了一些新观点.作者认为,在考察印巴分治问题时,应该区分工党艾德礼政府的对印政策与英国传统的对印殖民统治政策;无论工党一贯的对印政策、艾德礼政府发布的所有对印政策声明,还是艾德礼政府为维护印度统一所做的努力,都充分表明艾德礼政府没有继续推行分而治之政策,不应该对印度的分裂及其后果负主要责任,而甘地、尼赫鲁和真纳等国大党和穆斯林联盟领袖在权力移交过程中不愿意在一些非原则性问题上相互妥协、实行合作,从而失去在统一基础上和平交权的机会.因此可以说,印巴分治在相当程度上是国大党和穆斯林联盟领袖的选择,他们应该对印度的分裂及其后果负很大责任.     

六朝蒋子文信仰探微

蒋子文信仰是六朝时期盛行于今南京及其附近地区的一种巫觋鬼神信仰。其信仰兴起的时间当在公元211年或219年,其形成的关键原因在于孙权迎合江东民众普遍信仰的“江东化”宗教政策。     

《玄都宝藏》与《太清风露经》

国家图书馆藏有《太清风露经》一卷,题无住真人撰。是蒙古太宗九年(1237年)至乃马真后三年(1244年)宋德方等刻道藏本,即     

李淳风数学功绩简论

一、道教学者:李淳风李淳风是唐朝著名的天文学家和数学家,他是道士之子,是中国古代著名的道教学者。他的父亲李播曾出家为道士,据《新唐书·列传第一百二十九方技》记载:“李淳风,岐州雍人。父播,仕隋高唐尉,弃官为道士,号黄冠子,以论撰自见”。这么说来,“李淳风出身于道士之     

Type D personality,but not Type A behavior pattern,is associated with coronary plaque vulnerability

Personality traits are associated with major adverse coronary events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the link between personality traits and intravascular morphology in CAD patients is poorly understood. This study investigated the relationship between personality traits, specifically Type A behavior pattern and Type D personality, and plaque vulnerability. After adjustment for demographic and clinical factors, multivariable regression analysis showed no association between Type A and optical coherence tomography indices. However, Type D personality was independently associated with lipid plaque, thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), and fibrous cap thickness. More specifically, negative affectivity of Type D was related to lipid plaque, TCFA and fibrous cap thickness, and social inhibition was associated with plaque rupture. Our results show that Type D personality was associated with plaque vulnerability, independent of clinical factors. Measurement of negative affectivity and social inhibition will increase our understanding of the progressive phase of the plaque vulnerability, which can contribute to the early identification of high risk patients and reduce the incidence of MACE.     

Symmetry and its role in the crossmodal correspondence between shape and taste

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics - Despite the rapid growth of research on the crossmodal correspondence between visually presented shapes and basic tastes (e.g., sweet, sour, bitter, and...     

Balance,Proprioception, and Gross Motor Development of Chinese Children Aged 3 to 6 Years

The authors' aim was to find the features of balance, proprioception, and gross motor development of Chinese children 3–6 years old and their correlations, provide theoretical support for promoting children's motor development, and enrich the world theoretical system of motor development. This study used a Tekscan foot pressure measurement instrument (Tekscan, Inc., Boston, MA), walking on a balance beam, Xsens 3-dimensional positional measuring system (Xsens Technologies, Enschede, the Netherlands), and Test of Gross Motor Development-2 to assess static balance, dynamic balance, knee proprioception, and levels of gross motor development (GMD) of 3- to 6-year-old children (n = 60) in Beijing. The results are as follows: children had significant age differences in static balance, dynamic balance, proprioception, and levels of GMD; children had significant gender differences in static balance, proprioception, and levels of GMD; children's static balance, dynamic balance, and proprioception had a very significant positive correlation with GMD (p < .01), but no significant correlation with body mass index.