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91.
In contrast to unidimensional item response models that postulate a single underlying proficiency, cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) posit multiple, discrete skills or attributes, thus allowing CDMs to provide a finer-grained assessment of examinees’ test performance. A common component of CDMs for specifying the attributes required for each item is the Q-matrix. Although construction of Q-matrix is typically performed by domain experts, it nonetheless, to a large extent, remains a subjective process, and misspecifications in the Q-matrix, if left unchecked, can have important practical implications. To address this concern, this paper proposes a discrimination index that can be used with a wide class of CDM subsumed by the generalized deterministic input, noisy “and” gate model to empirically validate the Q-matrix specifications by identifying and replacing misspecified entries in the Q-matrix. The rationale for using the index as the basis for a proposed validation method is provided in the form of mathematical proofs to several relevant lemmas and a theorem. The feasibility of the proposed method was examined using simulated data generated under various conditions. The proposed method is illustrated using fraction subtraction data. 相似文献
92.
The present study was designed to examine whether age, gender, and depression level may moderate the effect of exposure to suicide news on the suicidality of college students in Taiwan. A representative sample of 3,222 college students were recruited from Southern Taiwan with a total of 2,602 useable surveys returned. Results showed that only depression level reached a significant moderating effect and further examination showed that the exposure to suicide news significantly predicted suicidality solely in the severely depressed group. 相似文献
93.
Wan C Chiu CY Tam KP Lee SL Lau IY Peng S 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2007,92(2):337-354
Cross-cultural psychologists assume that core cultural values define to a large extent what a culture is. Typically, core values are identified through an actual self-importance approach, in which core values are those that members of the culture as a group strongly endorse. In this article, the authors propose a perceived cultural importance approach to identifying core values, in which core values are values that members of the culture as a group generally believe to be important in the culture. In 5 studies, the authors examine the utility of the perceived cultural importance approach. Results consistently showed that, compared with values of high actual self-importance, values of high perceived cultural importance play a more important role in cultural identification. These findings have important implications for conceptualizing and measuring cultures. 相似文献
94.
McConkie-Rosell A Abrams L Finucane B Cronister A Gane LW Coffey SM Sherman S Nelson LM Berry-Kravis E Hessl D Chiu S Street N Vatave A Hagerman RJ 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(5):593-606
The purpose of this paper is to report the outcome of a collaborative project between the Fragile X Research and Treatment
Center at the Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (M.I.N.D.) Institute at the University of California at
Davis, the National Fragile X Foundation (NFXF), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The objective of
this collaboration was to develop and disseminate protocols for genetic counseling and cascade testing for the multiple disorders
associated with the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) mutation. Over the last several years, there has been increasing insight into the phenotypic range associated with both
the premutation and the full mutation of the FMR1 gene. To help develop recommendations related to screening for fragile X-associated disorders, four, two day advisory focus
group meetings were conducted, each with a different theme. The four themes were: (1) fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome
(FXTAS); (2) premature ovarian failure (POF) and reproductive endocrinology; (3) psychiatric, behavioral and psychological
issues; and (4) population screening and related ethical issues. 相似文献
95.
96.
Sandra S.M. Chan MRCPsych Helen F.K. Chiu FRCPsych Eric Y.H. Chen MRCPsych MD Wincy S.C. Chan BA Paul W.C. Wong DPsych Cecilia L.W. Chan PhD Y. W. Law MSW RSW Paul S.F. Yip PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2009,39(6):633-638
Charcoal burning suicides in Hong Kong between 2002–2004 in the 15 to 59‐year‐old age group were investigated using the psychological autopsy method. The psychopathological profiles of charcoal burning suicides (N = 53) were compared against “other suicides” (N = 97). The two groups did not differ significantly in the prevalence of DSM‐IV axis I diagnoses with the exception of schizophrenic spectrum disorder which was less frequently associated with charcoal burning suicides. Score on “neuroticism” in the NEO‐five Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) was significantly higher in victims of charcoal burning suicide. There was also a trend toward higher score on “conscientiousness” in the NEO‐FFI among charcoal burners than victims of other suicide. 相似文献
97.
Whether selective attention binds features in visual short-term memory or prioritizes selection for memory consolidation and decision was investigated with a change detection paradigm. Two types of change were manipulated: Feature or conjunctions of features. Previous work suggests that the allocation of attentional resources affects binding; hence attentional shifts during retention should affect the detection of conjunction changes more than feature changes. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that attention shifts had a similar impact on detecting feature and conjunction changes. Experiment 3 showed a performance benefit with a post-cue occurring 200 or 550 ms after stimulus offset, but no improvement was found when prioritization occurred with a delay of 800 ms. The results of Experiment 4 suggested that signals from both feature changes and conjunction changes contribute to detection. The theoretical implications are discussed. 相似文献
98.
Michelene T.H. Chi Nicholas De Leeuw Mei-Hung Chiu Christian Lavancher 《Cognitive Science》1994,18(3):439-477
Learning involves the integration of new information into existing knowledge. Generating explanations to oneself (self-explaining) facilitates that integration process. Previously, self-explanation has been shown to improve the acquisition of problem-solving skills when studying worked-out examples. This study extends that finding, showing that self-explanation can also be facilitative when it is explicitly promoted, in the context of learning declarative knowledge from an expository text. Without any extensive training, 14 eighth-grade students were merely asked to self-explain after reading each line of a passage on the human circulatory system. Ten students in the control group read the same text twice, but were not prompted to self-explain. All of the students were tested for their circulatory system knowledge before and after reading the text. The prompted group had a greater gain from the pretest to the posttest. Moreover, prompted students who generated a large number of self-explanations (the high explainers) learned with greater understanding than low explainers. Understanding was assessed by answering very complex questions and inducing the function of a component when it was only implicitly stated. Understanding was further captured by a mental model analysis of the self-explanation protocols. High explainers all achieved the correct mental model of the circulatory system, whereas many of the unprompted students as well as the low explainers did not. Three processing characteristics of self-explaining are considered as reasons for the gains in deeper understanding. 相似文献
99.
100.
Sang Eun Woo Oleksandr S. Chernyshenko Andrew Longley Zhi-Xue Zhang Chi-Yue Chiu Stephen E. Stark 《Journal of personality assessment》2014,96(1):29-45
Openness to Experience is an important but relatively poorly understood personality construct. Advances in openness research require further construct clarification as well as establishment of a common framework for conceptualizing and measuring the lower level structure of the construct. In this article, we present data from 3 studies to address this research need. In Study 1, we identify 6 facets of Openness to Experience—intellectual efficiency, ingenuity, curiosity, aesthetics, tolerance, and depth—based on a factor analysis of 36 existing Openness-related scales. In Study 2, we present further validity evidence for the 6-facet structure based on a newly developed measure of Openness. Data from this study also suggest the presence of 2 intermediate-level factors (i.e., aspects) of Openness: intellect and culture. In Study 3, we present a short form of the newly developed measure, retaining items that showed the highest internal consistency and measurement invariance across 3 samples: U.S. undergraduates, Chinese MBA students, and Chinese undergraduates. Together these 3 studies offer a more nuanced understanding of the multifaceted nature of the Openness construct. 相似文献