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101.
This article presents a causal regression discontinuity framework for quantifying the impact of high school counselors on students’ education outcomes. To demonstrate this method, the authors used data from the National Center for Education Statistics’ Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). Using high school counselor staffing counts and 4‐year college‐going rates collected through the SASS, the authors found that an additional high school counselor is predicted to induce a 10 percentage point increase in 4‐year college enrollment. 相似文献
102.
The goals of this study were to determine the relations between having a balanced time perspective (BTP) with various measures of subjective well-being (SWB) and to test how various operationalizations of a BTP might impact the relation between having a BTP and SWB. We operationalized a balanced time perspective using: (a) Drake et al.’s Time Soc 17(1):47–61, (2008) cut-off-point method, (b) Boniwell et al.’s J Posit Psychol 5(1):24–40, (2010) suggestion of using a hierarchical cluster analysis, and (c) a deviation from a balanced time perspective (DBTP; Stolarski et al. Time Soc, 2011). The results demonstrated that having a BTP is related to increased satisfaction with life, happiness, positive affect, psychological need satisfaction, self-determination, vitality, and gratitude as well as decreased negative affect. Also, the DBTP was the best predictor of SWB. We discuss why individuals with a BTP are likely to be happier in life. 相似文献
103.
P. Asoka-Kumar B.D. Wirth P.A. Sterne R.H. Howell G.R. Odette 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(11):609-615
The sensitivity of positrons to nanometre-size Cu precipitates in Fe alloys has enabled us to apply a novel spin-polarized element-specific method to probe the composition and magnetic character of the precipitates responsible for reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel embrittlement. The results clearly show that the precipitates are non-magnetic and place an upper limit of about 10at% on their Fe content. The practical implication of this result is that the Cu precipitate contribution to RPV steel embrittlement saturates is not expected to contribute further during lifetime extension. Our study demonstrates that polarized positrons can be used as a powerful probe of the magnetic character of nanoscale materials, even those embedded in a strongly magnetic host. 相似文献
104.
Robert J. Howell 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2013,91(1):83-98
I argue that it is intuitive and useful to think about composition in the light of the familiar functionalist distinction between role and occupant. This involves factoring the standard notion of parthood into two related notions: being a parthood slot and occupying a parthood slot. One thing is part of another just in case it fills one of that thing's parthood slots. This move opens room to rethink mereology in various ways, and, in particular, to see the mereological structure of a composite as potentially outreaching the individual entities that are its parts. I sketch one formal system that allows things to have individual entities as parts multiple times over. This is particularly useful to David Armstrong, given Lewis's charge that his structural universals must do exactly that. I close by reflecting upon the nature and point of formal mereology. 相似文献
105.
Kari Primo Bruce E. Compas Gerri Oppedisano David C. Howell Joanne E. Epping-jordan David N. Krag 《Psychology & health》2013,28(6):1141-1153
Abstract Eighty-five women with newly diagnosed breast cancer were classified on the basis of high and low levels of cancer-related intrusive thoughts and avoidance at diagnosis, and their psychological adjustment was studied prospectively at 3 and 6 months post diagnosis. Patients who initially reported high levels of both intrusive thoughts and avoidance and those who reported high levels of intrusive thoughts but low avoidance experienced the highest levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, and continued intrusive thoughts and avoidance. Patients who were high in avoidance but low in intrusive thoughts also experienced adjustment problems, including increased intrusive thoughts, when compared with patients who were low in both types of symptoms. The findings highlight the value of considering subgroup differences in patterns of intrusion and avoidance as predictors of subsequent psychological adjustment to breast cancer. 相似文献
106.
Learning and the Development of Meaning: Husserl and Merleau‐Ponty on the Temporality of Perception and Habit 下载免费PDF全文
Whitney Howell 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2015,53(3):311-337
In this paper, I argue that the temporal openness of perceptual experience provides insight into the basic structure of learning. I draw on Husserl's account of the mutability of the retained past in Analyses Concerning Passive and Active Synthesis, and Merleau‐Ponty's account of the perceptual field, as well as his remarks on habit, in Phenomenology of Perception, in order to elucidate the relation between the perceptual past and the future it portends. More specifically, I argue that retention and habituation in perceptual experience open dimensions of meaning that transform the initial, initiating, experiences in which meaning is first established. As a result, our experience of meaning is always subject to further development that we cannot anticipate. This temporal openness has consequences for our learning to navigate a perceptual field, but also, I argue, for our developing more complex ways of engaging with the world. Specifically, I show how learning requires that we commit ourselves to an object or task before we are in a position to recognize the implications or significance of our commitment. I further consider the role that others play in the inherent openness of learning to the development of new meaning. 相似文献
107.
108.
Elizabeth F. Howell Ph.D. 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2013,23(6):971-986
An overarching thematic implication of both Grand's discussion of my article and my reply to her discussion is the need for sharing and integration of knowledge and concepts belonging to the separate fields of psychoanalysis and the trauma/dissociation. Grand and I have different expressive voices, both singular and plural, which, I conjecture, are in part reflective of different traditions. Grand's response demonstrates eloquently a problem facing both psychoanalysis and the field of trauma treatment: the tendency of fields, like individuals, to proceed in isolation deprives all from the benefit of shared information. Procrustean beds cannot be shared. 相似文献
109.
Kathryn H. Howell Julie B. Kaplow Christopher M. Layne Molly A. Benson Bruce E. Compas Ranka Katalinski 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(1):88-104
Background and Objectives: The vast majority of youth who lived through the Bosnian war were exposed to multiple traumatic events, including interpersonal violence, community destruction, and the loss of a loved one. This study examined factors that predict post-war psychological adjustment, specifically posttraumatic stress, in Bosnian adolescents. Design: Regression analyses evaluated theorized differential relations between three types of post-war stressors – exposure to trauma reminders, loss reminders, and intrafamilial conflict – specific coping strategies, and posttraumatic stress symptom dimensions. Methods: We examined 555 Bosnian adolescents, aged 15–19 years, to predict their long-term posttraumatic stress reactions in the aftermath of war. Results: Findings indicated that post-war exposure to trauma reminders, loss reminders, and family conflict, as well as engagement and disengagement coping strategies, predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms. Secondary control engagement coping responses to all three types of post-war stressors were inversely associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms, whereas primary control engagement coping responses to family conflict were inversely associated with hyperarousal symptoms. Disengagement responses to trauma reminders and family conflict were positively associated with re-experiencing symptoms. Conclusions: These findings shed light on ways in which trauma reminders, loss reminders, and family conflict may intersect with coping responses to influence adolescent postwar adjustment. 相似文献
110.
Kathryn H. Howell Laura E. Miller Michelle M. Lilly Sandra A. Graham-Bermann 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(4):425-445
This study assessed whether participation in an intervention program enhanced social competence in 113 preschool-aged children who were exposed to intimate partner violence. Change in competence was evaluated from baseline to approximately five weeks postbaseline and compared preschool children who did and did not receive intervention services. Protective factors, such as exposure to less severe violence, were identified that predicted change in competence scores. Results indicated that children with the highest social competence pre-intervention exhibited a significant increase in their postintervention scores, if they participated in the program. The extent of this change was predicted by a higher preintervention score and exposure to less severe violence. This study indicates that even short-term intervention could result in meaningful change in key aspects of child functioning. 相似文献