An inexpensive circuit for beta,alpha, theta,or delta EEG biofeedback

An inexpensive circuit is described for EEG biofeedback or measurement. The circuit is designed to interface easily with most basic EEG machines. It taps the output from a single recording channel of the basic EEG instrument and provides the following for each EEG band (beta, alpha, theta, and delta): (a) very selective bandpass discrimination, (b) variable center frequency, (c) variable threshold at which feedback will be provided, or the measurement made, and (d) use with any biofeedback stimulus or measurement device that one wishes to switch contingent with S’s EEG rhythms.     

Acute and chronic peripheral nerve stimulation: Surgical preparation and electrode design

An electrode for peripheral nerve stimulation and surgical procedures for implantation are described. Results indicating its effectiveness are provided with discussion of durability and applicability.     

The relative lability of mobile and stationary components in a visual-motor adaptation task

The results of previous studies of intermanual transfer of prism adaptation may have been biased because the arm was mobile during training, rather than for instance the head. It was hypothesized that adaptation will be more associated with a joint when it is mobile rather than stationary. Intermanual transfer when arm was mobile and head stationary was compared with that when head was mobile and arm stationary. Also measured was the adaptation persisting when the mobile part in training was stationary in testing. The results showed, against the original hypothesis, that adaptation tends to be associated with a stationary joint. This fits in with evidence that there is greater position uncertainty in a stationary joint and that this is associated with adaptability.     

Teacher''s locus of control and student achievement gains

Ten female fifth-grade teachers, 40 fifth-grade males, and 40 fifth-grade females were classified as internal or external (locus of control) on the basis of their scores on Rotter's (1966) Internal-External (I-E) Control Scale and the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire (Crandall, Katkovsky, & Preston, 1962). Measures of students' achievement and intelligence were obtained from the California Test Bureau's Short Form Test of Academic Aptitude (1970) and the Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills (1968). The major finding of the study was that both male and female students, regardless of their locus of control, gained more on the achievement measure under internal teachers than under external teachers.     

The transfer of information across sensory modalities

Previous research has shown that Ss can recognize, classify, or identify the same nominal stimuli when presented via different sensory modalities. Two hypotheses, the mediational and invariant features, have been forwarded in an attempt to account for this ability. The present study was designed so that the reliable transfer of either specific or conceptual sources of information across sensory modalities would provide support for the invariant-feature hypothesis. Evidence was obtained for the transfer of both sources of information when the stimulus modality was not changed. However, neither source of transfer was evident when the stimulus modality was changed; thus, no support for the invariant features hypothesis was obtained in the present study.     

The estimation of reliability when several trials are available

In certain types of experiment it frequently happens that we have a block of data consisting of several trials on the same individuals. Using the methods of estimation provided by the analysis of variance, estimates of reliability are derived for this case, and the conditions under which each is valid are discussed. Various relations between these estimates and the product-moment coefficient of correlation are obtained.From the Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota. This work was supported in part under the terms of a contract between the Regents of the University of Minnesota and the Office of Scientific Research and Development. Important financial assistance was also provided by the Nutrition Foundation, Inc.: The U. S. Sugar Cane Refiners Association, N. Y.; the Corn Industries Research Foundation, N. Y.: Swift and Co., Chicago; the National Confectioners' Association; the National Daily Council, Chicago; and the Graduate Medical Research Fund. University of Minnesota. The author is indebted for assistance and encouragement to all the members of the staff of the Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, and especially to Mr. Harold Guetzkow and Mr. Rich and Seymour.     

Rashomon Revisited: A Re-analysis of the Film and Implications for Mass Psychology

The author notes that the title of the film has been used to identify a social-psychological concept that has been widely applied in the literature. The author gives a synopsis of the film. In order to debunk the standard interpretation of the film and provide a new one, the author places the making of the film in an historical context. This requires an explication of the absorption of the samurai into modernized Japan and the country’s history before, during, and immediately after World War II. The perception of the Emperor as a deity and his de-deification are central to understanding the culture and the problem of managing aggression in that society. The social structure of the society can be described as massification. The effects of these sociocultural issues on psychotherapy in Japan are discussed along with the implications for group psychotherapy.