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221.
Kendra L. Seaman Darlene V. Howard James H. Howard Jr 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(2):170-182
Differences in strategy use are thought to underlie age-related performance deficits on many learning and decision-making tasks. Recently, age-related differences in learning to make predictions were reported on the Triplets Prediction Task (TPT). Notably, deficits appeared early in training and continued with experience. To assess if age differences were due to early strategy use, neural networks were used to objectively assess the strategies implemented by participants during Session 1. Then, the relationship between these strategies and performance was examined. Results revealed that older adults were more likely to implement a disadvantageous strategy early in learning, and this led to poorer task performance. Importantly, the relationship between age and task performance was partially mediated by early strategy use, suggesting that early strategy selection played a role in the lower quality of predictions in older adults. 相似文献
222.
Lasnik H 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2002,6(10):432-437
The Minimalist program, a development of earlier work in transformational generative grammar, proposes that the computational system central to human language is a 'perfect' solution to the task of relating sound and meaning. Recent research has investigated the complexities evident in earlier models and attempted to eliminate them, or to show how they are only apparent, following from deeper but simpler properties. Examples of this include the reduction of the number of linguistic levels of representation in the model, and the deduction of constraints on syntactic derivations from general considerations of economy and computational simplicity. 相似文献
223.
Klein HJ Wesson MJ Hollenbeck JR Wright PM DeShon RP 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2001,85(1):32-55
Goals are central to current treatments of work motivation, and goal commitment is a critical construct in understanding the relationship between goals and performance. Inconsistency in the measurement of goal commitment hindered early research in this area but the nine-item, self-report scale developed by Hollenbeck, Williams, and Klein (1989b), and derivatives of that scale, have become the most commonly used measures of goal commitment. Despite this convergence, a few authors, based on small sample studies, have raised questions about the dimensionality of this measure. To address the conflicting recommendations in the literature regarding what items to use in assessing goal commitment, the current study combines the results of 17 independent samples and 2918 subjects to provide a more conclusive assessment by combining meta-analytic and multisample confirmatory factor analytic techniques. This effort reflects the first combined use of these techniques to test a measurement model and allowed for the creation of a database substantially larger than that of previously factor analyzed samples containing these scale items. By mitigating sampling error, the results clarified a number of debated issues that have arisen out of previous small sample factor analyses and revealed a five-item scale that is unidimensional and equivalent across measurement timing, goal origin, and task complexity. It is recommended that this five-item scale be used in future research assessing goal commitment. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. 相似文献
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225.
Motivation and Emotion - 相似文献
226.
Howard W. Stone David R. Cross Karyn B. Purvis Melissa J. Young 《Pastoral Psychology》2003,51(4):327-340
A majority of Americans participate in religious services and identify themselves as members of a faith community. Understanding the role that religion plays in people's lives is essential to developing a comprehensive model of social support during times of crisis. The purpose of the current study was to identify the resources of social support that are helpful for church members during times of crisis. Although research on the impact of social support has identified several types of support—and the function of such support—to people undergoing difficult times, researchers have not looked at the impact of religious beliefs and participation in religious communities on social support to any significant extent. The current study collected questionnaire data from 23 members of one congregation who experienced a personal crisis. Analysis of the data shows that religious beliefs and the support provided by the religious community were seen as extremely helpful in times of crisis. Implications for incorporating people's religious beliefs and participation in religious communities into future investigations of social support are discussed. 相似文献
227.
Doris B. Wallace Fazal Ibrahim Ali Jeanne Bamberger Gillian Beer Lee Benson Katja Bödeker John Broughton Jerome Bruner Weihang Chen Peter Damerow Jürgen Renn Charlotte Doyle Wolfgang Edelstein Howard Gardner Ellen Gruber Garvey Mary Lee Grisanti Sarah V. Gruber Simon L. Gruber Helen Haste Vera John-Steiner Deanna Kuhn Danielle Maurice Emiel Reith Lucien Richard Isabelle Sehl Anastasia Tryphon Ryan Tweney Jacques Vonèche Crystal Woodward Yeh Hsueh S. P. Zitner 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2003,32(5):573-619
228.
Episodic memory and the hippocampus: it's about time 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Several recent studies have sought to develop animal models of episodic memory, the capacity to recollect unique personal experiences. However, these studies have not yet provided unambiguous evidence that this capacity is based on recollection of the learning episodes. A recent study that examined memory for the ordering of events within unique experiences, and demonstrated a critical and selective role for the hippocampus, suggests a new and promising model for neurobiological analyses of episodic memory. 相似文献
229.
Robert Nichols David R. Loy Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh Carol Thirumaran Carl Olson N. Sreekumar M. Whitney Kelting Narasingha P. Sil Gereon Kopf M. Whitney Kelting John E. Cort Prabha C. Reddy Wayne Howard Deepak Sarma James B. Apple Steven E. Lindquist David Carpenter Carl Olson Carl Olson Ramakrishna Puligandla Hillary Rodrigues Katherine E. Ulrich Tamar Reich 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》2003,7(1-3):193-228
230.