宣传科学无神论责任重于泰山

首先,我代表马克思主义研究院对《科学与无神论》杂志创刊10周年表示热烈祝贺。借此机会,谈三点看法：     

When the Other-Mind Skepticism Encounters the Happy Fish

In this paper, we reconstruct the debate between Zhuangzi 莊子 and Hui Shi 惠施 that took place on the bridge over the Hao River 濠水 as a substantive debate concerning the epistemic other-mind skepticism according to which no one mind knows the mental states of the other. We demonstrate how this reconstruction leads to substantive conclusions of the viability of Hui Shi’s position in particular and of the other-mind skepticism in general. This demonstration is accomplished by means of the contemporary philosophical development regarding, for example, whether asserting a proposition implies that the asserter knows the proposition, whether the closure principle of epistemic logic should be held, and whether knowing something is a mental state. We hold that this debate’s resolution is substantively entangled with contemporary philosophical concerns.     

Associations of trait positive emotion regulation with everyday emotions: An experience sampling approach

Positive emotion regulation is important for enhancing psychological well-being. Previous studies have adopted a cross-sectional design to examine the relationships between positive emotion regulation strategies and psychological functioning. Relatively little is known about the role of positive emotion regulation strategies in positive and negative emotions in everyday life. This study examines associations between perceived capability of savoring and trait positive rumination and everyday emotions. Among 300 Hong Kong Chinese (age 18–77 years), perceived capability of savoring the moment and positive rumination predicted higher positive emotions during positive-valenced events. Perceived capability of savoring the moment predicted lower negative emotions during positive-valenced events and higher positive emotions during negative-valenced events. Positive links between positive valence ratings of events and positive emotions were stronger among individuals who reported higher levels of perceived capability of savoring through reminiscence and greater trait emotion-focused rumination. Positive links between negative valence ratings of events and negative emotions were significant only among individuals who reported low/medium levels of perceived capability of savoring through anticipation. These findings suggest that: (a) perceived capability of savoring and trait positive rumination are key mechanisms for increasing positive emotions and (b) perceived capability of savoring fosters adaptive adjustment to stress during negative events.     

从教化对象看马丹阳的传教特点

马钰(1123-1183),山东宁海人,初名从义,字宜甫,入全真道后,更名为钰,字玄宝,号丹阳子,小字山侗。王重阳的大弟子,全真教第二代教主,创立全真教遇仙派。丹阳的著作主要有诗词集———《渐悟集》、《洞玄金玉集》、《丹阳神光灿》。他既是一位宗教家,也是一位布道者、教化家。一生中,从学道、得道到布道的教化活动为全真教的创立、巩固和发展都做出了巨大贡献,积累了丰富的教化经验。中国古代的儒家教育从孔子到唐代之韩愈均建立在人性论基础上。基于对人性的不同认识,教育对象所囊括的范围也相应受到限制。孔子提出“有教无类”,不分贵贱贫富…     

《达摩宝传》与清末民初民间宗教派别——以其对"祖师西来意"的理解为中心

文章以所见清末民国初年刊印的四种《达摩宝传》为中心,在考订其所属宗派的基础上,介绍了诸书对“如何是祖师西来意”的回答。四种不同版本的《达摩宝传》尽管有相同的情节,但却分属大乘天真圆顿教、青莲教、八卦教和青莲教支派等不同的民间宗教派别。希望这一发现对宝卷、民间宗教和有众多版本的《坛经》研究有一定的启发。     

Why I remember that: The influence of contextual factors on beliefs about everyday memory

In the present study, we examined the role of contextual factors in beliefs about remembering personal experiences. Specifically, we examined why individuals think that they remember experiences in everyday life and whether the reasons for remembering varied as a function of recall context, memory theme, and culture. In Experiment 1, we examined young adults’ reported memories in two hypothetical contexts. In Experiment 2, memories were reported in response to cue words in European American and Chinese young adults. The results indicated that social sharing contexts appeared to favor social functions, whereas private reminiscence contexts tended to favor nonfunctional reasons for remembering and, to a lesser extent, directive functions. The European Americans reported more functional reasons for remembering, whereas the Chinese were more likely to report external cues as a reason for remembering. Finally, self functions were rarely reported. The results are interpreted in light of theories of memory functions and the role of contextual factors on remembering.     

调式和速度组成的不同音乐形态诱发情绪活动的脑电研究——兼顾音乐训练经验和性别因素的表现特征

该研究选取具有音乐训练经验和没有音乐训练经验的成年被试(研究生)共两组,每组男女数量各一半,使用脑电图(EEG)探讨了由速度和调式组成的不同音乐形态诱发情绪活动的脑电特征,结果表明:(1)在不同音乐形态上,小调音乐和慢速音乐诱发各脑区的δ、θ、β和γ四种波段的功率平均值均高于大调音乐和中速及快速音乐,只有α波的功率平均值低于大调音乐和中速及快速音乐;(2)所有音乐形态诱发音乐专业被试各脑区的功率平均值均高于非音乐专业被试,表明音乐训练经验导致了特殊神经网络参与加工;(3)所有音乐形态诱发男性被试各脑区的功率平均值均高于女性被试,表明两性在特异性信息加工方面具有神经解剖差异以及不同加工策略。     

论中国共产党第一代领导集体的宗教观

以毛泽东为核心的中国共产党第一代领导集体将马克思主义宗教观与中国宗教的具体实际相结合,对宗教问题进行了积极的探索,提出宗教具有有神论的世界观、群众性的信仰和文化内容的本质特征,具有自身起源、演化及其消亡的发展规律,具有一定的社会功能和双重性的社会作用;宗教在新中国将长期存在,必须处理好两者的关系,宗教应在一定范围内活动,要发挥其积极作用,为此,必须要改革与新中国不相适应的宗教制度;无产阶级政党必须坚持宗教信仰自由、与宗教界结成统一战线的原则,也要明确共产主义信仰与宗教信仰的区别。     

婚姻承诺与婚姻质量的关系:夫妻牺牲行为的中介作用

婚姻承诺和婚姻质量的关系近年来是婚姻研究领域关注的重要课题。承诺是保持婚姻的意愿,会导致婚姻中牺牲行为的产生。然而,承诺和牺牲对婚姻质量的影响至今并没有得到一致结论。那么,承诺对婚姻质量影响的不一致是否是因为牺牲所起作用的不一致导致?以往研究并没有得到探讨。为此,从北京选取389对夫妻,采用夫妻独立作答的方式,对他们的婚姻承诺,牺牲行为和婚姻质量进行测查,以探讨婚姻承诺、牺牲与婚姻质量的关系,以及牺牲在婚姻承诺和婚姻质量关系间的作用。结果发现:(1)丈夫对婚姻承诺和婚姻质量的感知显著高于妻子;并且丈夫比妻子报告有更多的"行动服务"上的牺牲行为。(2)夫妻的婚姻承诺对自身牺牲频率和婚姻质量均有显著预测作用,同时妻子的婚姻承诺还对丈夫的婚姻质量有显著预测作用。(3)丈夫的牺牲频率在丈夫婚姻承诺对自身婚姻质量的影响中起着完全中介作用。同时,丈夫的牺牲频率也能显著预测妻子感知到的婚姻质量,而妻子的牺牲频率在本身对双方的婚姻质量均无直接或间接的预测作用。说明丈夫的牺牲行为对婚姻关系有非常重要的作用。