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Twelve children with early intense reading and superior word recognition skills coupled with disordered language and cognitive behavior are described. Cognitive, linguistic, and reading measures evidenced a generalized cognitive deficit in forming superordinate schemata which was not specific to visual or auditory modalities. Positive family histories for reading problems were present for 11 of the 12 children, suggesting a relationship between hyperlexia and dyslexia. 相似文献
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Dr. Leonard Horwitz Ph.D. 《Group》1993,17(2):67-69
This commentary is on an article published inGROUP,16(4), 1992. 相似文献
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To understand the neural basis of human speech control, extensive research has been done using a variety of methodologies in a range of experimental models. Nevertheless, several critical questions about learned vocal motor control still remain open. One of them is the mechanism(s) by which neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, modulate speech and song production. In this review, we bring together the two fields of investigations of dopamine action on voice control in humans and songbirds, who share similar behavioral and neural mechanisms for speech and song production. While human studies investigating the role of dopamine in speech control are limited to reports in neurological patients, research on dopaminergic modulation of bird song control has recently expanded our views on how this system might be organized. We discuss the parallels between bird song and human speech from the perspective of dopaminergic control as well as outline important differences between these species. 相似文献
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Suicide is the second leading cause of death for those ages 13–25 in the United States. Coping is a mediator between stressful life events and adverse outcomes, and coping skills have been incorporated into interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, safety-planning interventions) for suicidal populations. However, longitudinal research has not directly examined the prospective associations between multiple coping styles and suicide-related outcomes in high-risk samples. This study identified cross-sectional and 4-month longitudinal associations of coping styles with suicide risk factors (i.e., depression, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior) in a sample of 286 adolescent and young adult psychiatric emergency patients. Positive reframing was the coping style most consistently associated with positive outcomes, whereas self-blame and disengagement were consistently associated with negative outcomes. Active coping protected against suicidal behavior for males, but not for females. This was the first study to examine longitudinal relationships between coping and suicide-related outcomes in a high-risk clinical sample. Findings suggest that clinical interventions with suicidal adolescents and young adults may benefit from a specific focus on increasing positive reframing and reducing self-blame. 相似文献
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Briana N. Horwitz Gloria Luong Susan T. Charles 《Personality and individual differences》2008,45(7):636-642
Work-family spillover research focuses on how negative and positive moods in one life domain carry over to another. Domain-specific etiologies (e.g., family conflict) are often emphasized to explain spillover. Yet, strong correlations exist between spillover variables of the same emotional valence but originating from different domains, suggesting individual differences in the tendencies to prolong mood-states. The current study (N = 1143 individuals) examined whether these general tendencies are associated with neuroticism and extraversion and how genetic and environmental effects contribute to these associations. Findings revealed that neuroticism and extraversion are related to these tendencies through both genetic and environmental pathways. 相似文献
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Positive and Negative Expectations of Hopelessness as Longitudinal Predictors of Depression,Suicidal Ideation,and Suicidal Behavior in High‐Risk Adolescents 下载免费PDF全文
Adam G. Horwitz MS Johnny Berona MS Ewa K. Czyz PhD Carlos E. Yeguez BS Cheryl A. King PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(2):168-176
The relationship between hopelessness and depression in predicting suicide‐related outcomes varies based on the anticipation of positive versus negative events. In this prospective study of adolescents at elevated risk for suicide, we used two Beck Hopelessness Scale subscales to assess the impact of positive and negative expectations in predicting depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior over a 2‐ to 4‐year period. In multivariate regressions controlling for depression, suicidal ideation, and negative‐expectation hopelessness, positive‐expectation hopelessness was the only significant predictor of depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. Clinical interventions may benefit from bolstering positive expectations and building optimism. 相似文献
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This study examined moderating effects of age on longitudinal associations among quality of life (QOL) and its demographic (e.g., age), clinical [e.g., prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level], and affective and cognitive predictors (i.e., distress, worries about recurrence, decisional regret, subjective life expectancy) in prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiation (N = 391). Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed at diagnosis, affective and cognitive variables at 6 months after diagnosis, and QOL at 12 months after diagnosis. Multiple-group analyses showed that among younger patients (< or =68 years old, n = 199), lower levels of decisional regret were associated with better functional QOL, and lower Gleason scores and PSA levels were associated with lower levels of distress and longer expected survival time, respectively. Being employed was related to higher levels of functional QOL and frequent worries about recurrence. Among older patients (>68 years old, n = 192), lower levels of distress were associated with higher levels of functional QOL, and longer expected survival time was associated with better functional and physical QOL. 相似文献
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Stephanie Danner Mary A. Fristad L. Eugene Arnold Eric A. Youngstrom Boris Birmaher Sarah M. Horwitz Christine Demeter Robert L. Findling Robert A. Kowatch The LAMS Group 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(3):271-293
Since the mid 1990s, early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSDs) have received increased attention in both the popular
press and scholarly press. Rates of diagnosis of BPSD in children and adolescents have increased in inpatient, outpatient,
and primary care settings. BPSDs remain difficult to diagnose, particularly in youth. The current diagnostic system makes
few modifications to accommodate children and adolescents. Researchers in this area have developed specific BPSD definitions
that affect the generalizability of their findings to all youth with BPSD. Despite knowledge gains from the research, BPSDs
are still difficult to diagnose because clinicians must: (1) consider the impact of the child’s developmental level on symptom
presentation (e.g., normative behavior prevalence, environmental limitations on youth behavior, pubertal status, irritability,
symptom duration); (2) weigh associated impairment and course of illness (e.g., neurocognitive functioning, failing to meet
full DSM criteria, future impairment); and (3) make decisions about appropriate assessment (differentiating BPSD from medical
illnesses, medications, drug use, or other psychiatric diagnoses that might better account for symptoms; comorbid disorders;
informant characteristics and assessment measures to use). Research findings concerning these challenges and relevant recommendations
are offered. Areas for further research to guide clinicians’ assessment of children with early-onset BPSD are highlighted.
Principal Investigators and Coinvestigators of Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) Group are listed in Appendix. 相似文献