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71.
EMILY A. IMPETT LEYLA JAVAM BONNIE M. LE BEHZAD ASYABI‐ESHGHI ALEKSANDR KOGAN 《Personal Relationships》2013,20(4):740-754
Why do sacrifices undertaken in pursuit of approach and avoidance goals differentially influence well‐being and relationship quality? A cross‐sectional study (Study 1), an experiment (Study 2), and a 2‐week daily experience study (Study 3) demonstrate that the personal and interpersonal outcomes of approach and avoidance sacrifice goals in dating and married relationships are mediated by felt authenticity. When people sacrificed for approach goals such as to make their partner happy, they felt more authentic, in turn contributing to greater personal and relationship well‐being. However, when they sacrificed for avoidance goals such as to avoid conflict, they felt less authentic, in turn detracting from personal and relationship well‐being. Implications for research and theory on motivational processes in close relationships are discussed. 相似文献
72.
Scholars have only recently begun to assess the strength with which culture affects negotiator communication, as compared with contextual or structural features of business negotiations. Although prior studies reveal important cross‐cultural differences in national negotiating style, they may not help us understand intercultural (mixed‐culture) settings. The crucial question is how heavily are international negotiators influenced by their own cultural values? When negotiating with a culturally disparate partner, what are the separate and cumulative effects of culture and contextual variables on negotiator communication? To answer these questions, the effect of culture (here, individualism‐collectivism) on integrative (information exchange) and distributive (fixed‐sum errors) negotiating is assessed in 32 intercultural dyads. In addition, the contextual effects of role (buyer vs. seller), preconceptions about negotiating (anticipated competition), and mutual adaptation (interdependence in information exchange) are examined. Preliminary results suggest that role requirements influence negotiators more heavily than culture. Supplemental analyses point to some potentially interesting buyer‐seller differences and suggest that information exchange is more a function of reciprocity than of cultural values. 相似文献
73.
74.
BENJAMIN LE TIMOTHY J. LOVING GARY W. LEWANDOWSKI JR EMILY G. FEINBERG KATHERINE C. JOHNSON REMY FIORENTINO JENNIFER ING 《Personal Relationships》2008,15(4):511-532
In this study, a prototype analysis of romantic missing was conducted. College‐age participants in the United States generated features of missing a partner (Study 1) and rated their centrality (Study 2). In a reaction time task, participants made category judgments for central features more quickly than for noncentral features (Study 3). In recognition and recall tasks, central features were more salient in participants’ memory, and participants evaluated individuals experiencing central features in vignettes as missing their partners more (Study 4). A prototype‐based measure of missing administered to individuals in long‐distance relationships (Study 5) correlated with commitment and attachment dimensions but only weakly with loneliness. Finally, level of missing differed based on whether individuals were in a geographically distant (vs. proximal) relationships (Study 6). 相似文献
75.
Susan Horton 《Applied research in quality of life》2006,1(3-4):315-322
Employee satisfaction surveys were examined for five universities in the US, UK and Canada, selected because they presented
results for faculty and other staff separately. Faculty consistently score more negatively on employee satisfaction across
a wide range of areas. The most negative responses are for areas such as personal/worklife balance, work demands/workload,
university direction, and whether the employee would choose to work at the same institution again/would recommend it for employment.
The results are consistent with previous studies which have shown that education level is negatively associated with job satisfaction.
The results suggest that university faculty have high aspirations, since in a number of indicators faculty working conditions
appear superior to those of staff (tenure; average income; sabbatical leaves; work control; involvement and consultation in
university decision-making), although junior faculty prior to tenure may experience more stress than staff. Employers undertaking
employee satisfaction surveys need to take into account systematic differences in aspirations among their employees, when
interpreting survey results. 相似文献
76.
77.
Results from implicit memory (IM) tasks suggest that automatic retrieval remains stable or decreases over time. In contrast, results from the process dissociation approach (PDA) suggest that automatic retrieval may actually increase over time. One explanation for these discrepant results is that performance on IM tasks is contaminated by controlled retrieval strategies, thereby overestimating automatic retrieval, particularly at short retention intervals, when controlled retrieval strategies are high. An alternative explanation is that automatic and controlled retrieval are positively correlated, rather than independent as assumed by the PDA. If so, the PDA would underestimate automatic retrieval, particularly when controlled retrieval strategies are high. Results from a speeded IM task suggest that a standard IM task provided an accurate estimate of automatic retrieval, whereas the PDA underestimated automatic retrieval at a short retention interval. This pattern of underestimation by the PDA supports the conclusion that automatic and controlled retrieval were positively correlated rather than independent. 相似文献
78.
79.
David Friedman Doreen Nessler Yael M. Cycowicz Cort Horton 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2009,9(1):91-102
Cognitive control involves adjustments in behavior to conflicting information, develops throughout childhood, and declines
in aging. Accordingly, developmental and age-related changes in cognitive control and response-conflict detection were assessed
in a response-compatibility task. We recorded performance measures, pre-response time (pre-RT) activity and medial frontal
negativity (MFN)—sequentially occurring, putative event-related potential (ERP) indexes, respectively, of cognitive control
and response-conflict detection. When response conflict reached the highest levels by requiring incompatible responses on
posterror trials, children and older adults showed the greatest performance decrements. ERPs indicated that young adults implemented
control (pre-RT) and detected the increased conflict (MFN) only when that conflict was at the highest levels, whereas children
and older adults did so at lower levels (e.g., posterror, compatible responses). Consequently, the developmental and age-related
performance decrements observed here may be due to the undifferentiated and inefficient manner in which children and older
adults recruited the processes associated with both cognitive control and response-conflict detection. 相似文献
80.
Caroline L. Horton Christopher J.A. Moulin Martin A. Conway 《Consciousness and cognition》2009,18(3):710-717
The content of dreams and changes to the self were investigated in students moving to University. In study 1, 20 participants completed dream diaries and memory tasks before and after they had left home and moved to university, and generated self images, “I am…” statements (e.g. I am an undergraduate), reflective of their current self. Changes in “I ams” were observed, indicating a newly-formed ‘university’ self. These self, images and related autobiographical knowledge were found to be incorporated into recent dreams but not into dreams from other periods. Study 2 replicated these findings in a different sample (N = 55). We suggest that these data reflect a period of self-consolidation in which new experiences and self images are incorporated into autobiographical memory knowledge structures representing personal goals during sleep. 相似文献