The nucleus premammillaris ventralis (pmv) and aggressive behavior in the rat

Small bilateral electrolytic lesions placed just posterior of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus cause a strong increase in offensive behavior. The histology suggests that damage to the ventral premammillary nucleus is responsible for this effect. A summary of the neuroanatomical literature shows that this structure is connected to most other brain structures reported to be involved in offensive behavior.     

Studien über Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychotherapeuten

Zusammenfassung Psychotherapie ist in den industrialisierten L?ndern ein fester Bestandteil der modernen Heilkunst geworden. In diesen Gesellschaften übernehmen die Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychotherapeuten wichtige soziale und kulturelle Aufgaben. Zun?chst wird deshalb der Kontext dargestellt, in dem das Wissen über Psychotherapie als Methode akkumuliert wurde. Eine Betrachtung der impliziten, jedoch widersprüchlichen, Perspektiven, die offenbar die Forscher über Psychotherapeuten zu haben scheinen, ist zun?chst notwendig, um die Art und Weise der Fragestellungen in den Studien zu beleuchten. Nach einer Reflexion der gesellschaftspolitischen Aufgaben der Psychotherapie geht es dann in diesem übersichtsartikel darum, die unterschiedlichen Studien über die Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychotherapeuten und ihren Einflu? auf die Behandlung des Patienten zusammenzufassen. Der rote Faden ergibt sich aus der Fragestellung, welches forschungsbasierte Wissen über Psychotherapeuten auf welche Weise klinisch genutzt werden kann.      

Neuroticism, extroversion, and response to stress

The study evaluated the role of dispositional determinants in the mediation of response to stress. Thirty-five undergraduate females were assigned to one of four groups according to scores on the neuroticism and extroversion scales of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. The Induced Affect research paradigm was adapted as a stress analog procedure and, following a baseline phase, subjects were run in alternating relaxation and arousal phases. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were completed. Neurotic introverts tended to label IA generated arousal as fear whereas neurotic extroverts tended to label arousal as anger.     

U.S. television programming’s effects on aggressive behavior of children and adolescents

Discussions about the effects of television violence often fail to clearly define the nature of the effect and of the televised material. This article reviews the various facets of the issue and of the research that deals with them, focusing on one specific aspect that is often regarded as most crucial in public discussions and among researchers: the effect of actually televised entertainment programs on the aggressive behavior of children and adolescents. There is little research on that aspect of the issue and, in contrast to laboratory experiments on media violence, it does not show significant television effects. However, none of the existing studies reflect the changes in home entertainment available now as a result of cable television and VCRs and their possible effects on viewers.     

Relations amongm sets of measures

The problem of determining linear functions for two sets of variables so as to maximize the correlation between the two functions has been solved by Hotelling. This article presents a more efficient computational solution for the case of two sets of variables and a generalized solution for any number of sets. Applications are discussed and a numerical example is included to demonstrate the solution for more than two sets.     

Optimal test length for multiple prediction: The general case

The concepts of differential prediction and multiple absolute prediction were developed in earlier papers [2, 3]. Methods for determining optimal distribution of testing time for each type of prediction are available [4, 5] and are appropriate for use provided that no altered time allotment approaches zero. In this article the methods developed in [4, 5] are extended to include cases where the altered time allotment for one or more tests may approach zero. The procedures developed are illustrated by numerical examples, after which the mathematical rationales are provided.     

The calculation of sums of squares for interactions in the analysis of variance

A method is described for the calculation of the sum of squares for a second-order interaction. It is then shown that the method is general and can be used for the calculation of the sum of squares for any higher-order interaction.     

Stimulating the demand for dental care: An application of Ajzen and Fishbein's theory of reasoned action

Ajzen and Fishbein's attitude-behaviour model was applied to the problem of stimulating the demand for dental care, Subjects were 329 members of Amsterdam health insurance companies. They had not received regular dental treatment and/or a certificate of dental fitness for at least two and a half years. Applying for treatment and acquiring a dental certificate were the behavioural measures. The effectiveness of the communication based on Ajzen and Fishbein's model was compared with the effectiveness of messages based on the Health-Belief model and the notion that knowledge of Rights and Obligations is a prerequisite for seeking dental care. Results lend support to the validity of the Ajzen and Fishbein model. Relationships between the components of the model are moderate to strong, both before and after subjects were exposed to the message. The message proved effective in changing beliefs about seeking dental treatment. Ajzen and Fishbein's claim that their approach has exclusive merits, however, was refuted. A differential effectiveness of the three messages was absent. In all, 47.4 per cent applied for treatment. No control subjects applied. Fifteen months later 70 per cent of the applicants had obtained a dental certificate. Contrary to our expectations, a condition of no-message application-form- only proved equally effective as the message conditions.