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261.
死亡观的迥然不同, 直接影响了当前“临终关怀”、“器官捐献”等与死亡相关的医学课题在中西方的不同发展进程。基于医学视角对中西方死亡观的差异进行深入分析;梳理和研究造成二者差异的文化原因——由于哲学传统、宗教信仰与思维方式的不同。在保持死亡伦理的普世性和多元性之间的张力前提下分析中西方死亡观对医学发展和现实社会一些有价值的启示, 并提出引入宗教对死亡文化的积极作用和加强对全社会的死亡教育。 相似文献
262.
在对主观幸福感的概念、研究现状介绍的基础上,从特质、自我、目标、需要等四个方面回顾了当前人格和主观幸福感的关系研究,分析了在文化和主观幸福感的关系中人格的中介作用,并从研究内容、研究方法、研究对象、研究过程、研究方向等五个方面阐述了未来人格和主观幸福感关系的研究趋势。 相似文献
263.
Misha Mei Cowling 《The International journal for the psychology of religion》2019,29(2):108-127
ABSTRACTPrejudicial attitudes toward asylum seekers are prevalent, and an emerging body of literature has revealed that this is partly driven by religious affiliation. The population of Malaysia is multireligious, making it a fruitful location for testing religion-based prejudice hypotheses. Thus, across 2 studies we tested the roles of Christianity and Islam in explicit and implicit prejudices against asylum seekers in the Malaysian context. In Study 1 (n = 97), we present evidence that there are religion-based differences in prejudice against asylum seekers; specifically, Muslims reported higher levels of (classical) explicit prejudice toward asylum seekers than Christians (there were no differences in conditional or implicit prejudices). In Study 2 (n = 117), we tested the hypothesis that these religion-based differences are qualified by the religion of the asylum seeker. In this study, we used a framing paradigm to experimentally manipulate the religion of the asylum-seeking targets. The results revealed an out-group exacerbation effect; that is, participants reported higher levels of prejudice toward asylum seekers who had a different religion from their own. For classical explicit prejudice, the effect was strongest from Muslims toward Christian asylum seekers. Conversely, for implicit prejudice, the reverse was true: The effect was strongest from Christians toward Muslim asylum seekers. These findings are discussed in terms of the political and social circumstances in Malaysia, but we interpret these findings as evidence that explicit and implicit attitudes toward asylum seekers are driven by a complex pattern of religion-based intergroup biases. 相似文献
264.
Providing Online Memory Interventions for Older Adults: A Critical Review and Recommendations for Development 下载免费PDF全文
265.
Rachel Vanneste Sui Mei Chiu Laura Russell Jennifer Fitzpatrick 《Journal of genetic counseling》2013,22(1):58-75
We conducted an exploratory study of the experiences of genetic counselors who have either trained or supervised in a second language to assess the relevance of this issue to genetic counseling training and supervision. Two hundred-thirty NSGC members, CAGC members and genetic counseling students completed the online questionnaire. Many of the respondents reported that training and supervision differed when another language was involved. Supervisors reported difficulty in assessing students’ counseling skills and discomfort with an incomplete understanding of session content. Students described a greater focus on vocabulary at the expense of psychosocial dimensions. Despite this, most felt that using another language enhanced their training experience. As such, training programs might consider increasing support to these learners and supervisors by explicitly acknowledging the challenges they face, providing students with language tools to aid in their acquisition of basic skills and providing supervisors with new methods for assessing student counseling skills when using other languages. 相似文献
266.
自我不确定感是指个体怀疑“自我”,并且对其看法不稳定而产生的内隐与外显的主观感受及反应.其研究方法主要有自我报告法与情境实验法.自DeCremer和Sedikides首先通过实证研究验证了自我不确定感对程序公正效应的调节作用后,研究者们通过将自我不确定感分解为情绪自我不确定、地位不确定和归属不确定以及探讨程序公正认知机制,不断扩展了此领域的研究成果.未来可以通过自我不确定感调节效应的本土化研究,自我不确定感特质与情境成分交互作用的探讨,自我不确定感与自我肯定、信息不确定感等相关变量的关系研究,进一步深化此领域的研究. 相似文献
267.
268.
Double Reference Points: the Effects of Social and Financial Reference Points on Decisions Under Risk 下载免费PDF全文
The existing literature is inconsistent about how social comparison affects risk attitudes. We propose a framework where the total utility is composed of the social and financial utilities. The financial utility is consistent with prospect theory (i.e., an S‐shaped utility function with a financial reference point), whereas the social utility is affected by both social and financial reference points. Therefore, social risk attitudes are determined by interaction between gains/losses in both social and financial contexts. On the basis of safety‐first principle, we propose that when experiencing financial gains, individuals tend to seek upside potential and take social risks (i.e., a convex social utility function). In contrast, when facing financial losses, people would be more risk seeking in social gains but more risk averse in social losses to maximize security (i.e., an inverse S‐shaped utility function). We also propose that the relative importance of financial and social utilities depends on the saliency of the reference points and size of stakes. Studies 1 and 2 showed that individuals were risk seeking in both social gains and losses with social reference points alone. Studies 3 and 4 demonstrated that when both financial and social reference points were salient, participants were risk averse in both social gains and losses when facing financial gains, but risk seeking in social gains and risk averse in social losses when facing financial losses. The hypotheses derived from the theoretical framework were in general supported by our experiments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
269.
The aim of this study was to examine the memory for health and safety advertisements (HSAs) embedded within a congruent (documentary) or incongruent (sitcom) program. A total of 80 participants aged 16–25 years took part. Participants watched either a sitcom or a health‐related program with health and safety and “filler” advertisements. After they watched the 30 minute program, they were given free and cued recall measures as well as program evaluation. These showed that the free recall scores were generally better for HSAs than filler advertisements across both program types, while the cued recall and advertisement recognition scores were better for filler advertisements than HSAs. Memory scores revealed that the HSAs were better remembered than filler advertisements in an incongruent program environment. Health advertisements are better recalled in non‐health‐related programs. This supported the interference hypothesis. 相似文献
270.
探讨分析血清胱抑素C(Cys C)水平在肾移植术后患者肾功能监测中的应用价值.对25例肾移植成功患者在术前、术后第1、3、5、7、10天的血清Cys C、Scr、β2-MG、BUN水平进行动态监测,同时随机抽取健康体检者中的20例作为对照组.发现移植组的Cys C、Scr、β2-MG、BUN水平在术前均明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01).这四项指标在手术后第一天都有所下降,且术后第1、3、5、7、10天的水平都比术前低(P<0.01).四项指标与GFR的关系均为显著性负相关(P<0.01),其中血清Cys C与GFR的相关性最好.Cys C、Scr、β2-MG、BUN检测后的ROC曲线下面积分别是:0.937、0.838、0.798、0.772,其差异都具有统计学意义(P<0.05).血清Cys C优于Scr、β2-MG、BUN,在肾移植患者术后的动态监测中具有重要的临床应用价值. 相似文献