自我同一性研究的新模型——双环模型

自Erikson提出自我同一性的概念以来,它一直是发展心理学的重要课题,这方面的实证研究主要基于Marcia提出的同一性状态模型。随后的研究者Luyckx等人不断整合和改进状态模型,并结合自我关注领域对反思型自我关注和沉浸型自我关注的区分,提出了双环模型的理论。双环模型理论认为,广度探索、深度探索、沉浸探索、做出承诺和认同承诺五个维度构成了自我同一性形成和发展的两个环——"承诺形成环"和"承诺评价环",两个环之间不断地发生着动态的交互作用,其结果造成了自我同一性形成和发展的6种状态:达成,早闭,沉浸延缓,轻松混淆,扩散混淆和未分化。     

Confucian Views on War as Seen in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gongyang Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals</Emphasis>

This essay explores Confucian views on war as seen in the Spring and Autumn Annals. The interpretation is based mainly on the Gongyang Zhuan, supplemented by other authoritative sources in the Gongyang tradition, such as Dong Zhongshu (179-104 BCE) and He Xiu (129-182). The Spring and Autumn Annals contains three components: facts, words, and principles. This essay explicates the principles for going to war and the principles for conducting a war. The Confucian perspective sheds light on war against enemies of civilization, conditions for waging a preemptive war, punitive expedition, as well as the use of weapons of mass destruction. The Confucian views as presented here are realistic and pragmatic in nature but are also compatible with the humanistic concern of Confucianism. This essay ends with a summary of the salient and sophisticated features of the Confucian views on war.     

虚拟社会心理学：现实, 探索及意义

虚拟世界成为人类日常生活的一个重要组成部分, 对人的思想、感情和行为产生不同程度的影响, 对这些问题的研究逐渐成为社会心理学领域一个新的研究范式。我们认为, 虚拟社会心理学研究的热点问题和重要结论主要关注人在虚拟世界中的自我表现, 虚拟的人际关系、虚拟团体表现, 及虚拟世界中的创造性合作。研究发现, 虚拟社会心理学既有与现实世界一致的地方, 也有很多独特的现象, 有必要成为中国心理学家关注的一个新研究领域。     

书面韵律边界与语境对歧义句歧义消解的影响

本研究采用眼动记录的方法,考察了被试理解层次分隔歧义句时,作为书面韵律边界的逗号起到的作用,以及逗号与语境信息间的交互作用。实验通过操纵逗号的位置,变化歧义句的句义;通过操纵语境内容,变化语境偏向与逗号解歧方向的一致性。结果发现,逗号做为书面的韵律边界促进了句子的加工。当有书面韵律边界为句子解歧时,被试更依赖于韵律边界。语境信息与书面韵律边界的交互作用发生于句子加工晚期。     

非注意状态下拓扑性质优先加工的电生理学证据

采用ERP技术并运用跨通路延迟反应范式来探讨拓扑性质知觉理论在非注意状态下是否成立,发现存在视觉MMN且视觉系统在非注意状态下对拓扑性质的加工比颜色加工更早,表明与局部属性(颜色)相比,拓扑性质在无意识中优先得到加工,拓扑性质知觉理论在非注意状态下是成立的。     

青少年网络行为自我调控量表的编制及效度验证*

在文献查阅、访谈、问卷调查的基础上编制了《网络行为自我调控量表》,量表的六个维度:网瘾认知、卷入性情绪自控、网络卷入体验、网络行为调控。该量表具备良好的信度和结构效度。以青少年病理性网络使用量表(APIUS)为关联效标,发现网络行为自我调控水平与成瘾倾向呈显著负相关,成瘾组与非成瘾组在自我调控量表得分上差异显著,支持了量表的实证效度。该量表经进一步检验和完善后可作为评鉴青少年网络行为自我调控能力的有效工具。     

Aging of theory of mind: The influence of educational level and cognitive processing

Previous studies of theory of mind (ToM) in old age have provided mixed results. We predicted that educational level and cognitive processing are two factors influencing the pattern of the aging of ToM. To test this hypothesis, a younger group who received higher education (mean age 20.46 years), an older group with an education level equal to that of the young group (mean age 76.29 years), and an older group with less education (mean age 73.52 years) were recruited. ToM tasks included the following tests: the second‐order false‐belief task, the faux‐pas task, the eyes test, and tests of fundamental aspects of cognitive function that included two background tests (memory span and processing speed) and three subcomponents of executive function (inhibition, updating, and shifting). We found that the younger group and the older group with equally high education outperformed the older group with less education in false‐belief and faux‐pas tasks. However, there was no significant difference between the two former groups. The three groups of participants performed equivalently in the eyes test as well as in control tasks (false‐belief control question, faux‐pas control question, faux‐pas control story, and Eyes Test control task). The younger group outperformed the other two groups in the cognitive processing tasks. Mediation analyses showed that difficulties in inhibition, memory span, and processing speed mediated the age differences in false‐belief reasoning. Also, the variables of inhibition, updating, memory span, and processing speed mediated age‐related variance in faux‐pas. Discussion focused on the links between ToM aging, educational level, and cognitive processing.     

基于联结主义的连续记分IRT模型的项目参数和被试能力估计

运用联结主义中的级连相关模型对于小样本条件下的连续记分项目反应理论 (IRT)模型的项目参数和被试能力进行了估计。一组被试对于一组项目的反应矩阵作为级连相关模型的输入 ,这组被试的能力θ或该组项目的参数a、b和c作为该模型的输出 ,对神经网络进行训练使之具备了估计θ,a ,b或c的能力。计算机模拟的实验表明 ,如果测验中有少量项目取自于题库 ,就可以运用联结主义方法对IRT参数和被试能力进行较好的估计     

“非典”流行期大学生面对非典的压力源和压力研究

该研究旨在探索非典流行期大学生面对非典的压力源和压力状况,用“大学生非典压力状况调查表”和“大学生非典压力源调查表”测查了723名大学生。结果表明:(1)大学生的非典压力源来自3个方面,它们是非典疾病压力源、非典信息压力源和应对非典措施压力源。(2)非典流行期大学生对非典的恐慌程度、所感受到的非典压力强度以及非典压力对其造成的影响程度均处于中等水平。