Cocaine-but not methamphetamine-associated memory requires de novo protein synthesis

Context-induced drug craving and continuous drug use manifest the critical roles of specific memory episodes associated with the drug use experiences. Drug-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in C57BL/6J mouse model, in this regard, is an appropriate behavioral paradigm to study such drug use-associated memories. Requirement of protein synthesis in various forms of long-term memory formation and storage has been phylogenetically demonstrated. This study was undertaken to study the requirement of protein synthesis in the learning and memory aspect of the conditioned place preference induced by cocaine and methamphetamine, two abused drugs of choice in local area. Since pCREB has been documented as a candidate substrate for mediating the drug-induced neuroadaptation, the pCREB level in hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex was examined for its potential participation in the formation of CPP caused by these psychostimulants. We found that cocaine (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/dose)-induced CPP was abolished by the pretreatment of anisomycin (50 mg/kg/dose), a protein synthesis inhibitor, whereas methamphetamine (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg/dose)-induced CPP was not affected by the anisomycin pretreatment. Likewise, cocaine-induced CPP was mitigated by another protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (15 mg/kg/injection) pretreatment, whereas methamphetamine-induced CPP remained intact by such pretreatment. Moreover, anisomycin treatment 2h after each drug-place pairing disrupted the cocaine-induced CPP, whereas the same treatment did not affect methamphetamine-induced CPP. An increase of accumbal pCREB level was found to associate with the learning phase of cocaine, but not with the learning phase of methamphetamine. We further found that intraaccumbal CREB antisense oligodeoxynucleotide infusion diminished cocaine-induced CPP, whereas did not affect the methamphetamine-induced CPP. Taken together, these data suggest that protein synthesis and accumbal CREB phosphorylation are essential for the learning and consolidation of the cocaine-induced CPP, whereas methamphetamine-induced CPP may be unrelated to the synthesis of new proteins.     

五月风暴与哲学沉思

1968年“五月风暴”不仅早已成为历史（包括思想史）的徽章与历史学的记载对象,而且体现了一种时代精神。可见,回答“什么是五月风暴？”这个问题当然是哲学沉思的一项任务。如果说,启蒙运动的一份珍贵遗产是促使人们对现代性的深刻反思和强力推动,那么,五月风暴则把后现代性推向了一个前所未有的高度,并且秉承启蒙运动发展起来的自由与民主传统。与“启蒙运动”一样,五月风暴能促使一大批法国公共知识分子思考“今日”,激活哲学问题以给出关于哲学的崭新定义,与结构主义思潮产生错综复杂的关系。因此,通过对五月风暴的哲学沉思,我们学会如何理解“我们自身”的现实性和当前危机。     

工作卷入研究的新趋势

工作卷入的研究处于不断的发展之中.从复杂、泛化的多因素的概念与结构发展到简单、内化的单因素的概念与结构;从理论上关注个体评价过程到重视个体--环境相匹配的观点;从工作场所的卷入研究到非工作场所的卷入度研究;以及从原来的只有在美国的研究扩展到开始关注跨文化的比较研究.最后,文章还对今后研究的热点与方向进行了展望.     

大学生的幽默风格与人格特征的关系

采用幽默风格量表和艾森克人格问卷简式量表对318名大学生进行问卷测量.结果显示,幽默风格量表的四因素结构在中国大学生样本中也存在.中国大学生的某些幽默风格类型在性别、年级和专业上存在显著差异.亲和型、自强型幽默风格与外向性显著正相关,与精神质、神经质显著负相关;嘲讽型、自贬型幽默风格与精神质、神经质显著正相关,嘲讽型幽默风格与外向性显著负相关.回归分析表明外向性是亲和型和自强型幽默风格的重要预测变量,而精神质是嘲讽型和自贬型幽默风格的重要预测变量.     

潜艇艇员士气研究

本研究以517名潜艇艇员为被试,对自编"潜艇艇员战斗士气量表"的质量进行了检验.结果表明:潜艇艇员的战斗士气在结构上是由努力、信心、认同、气势、荣誉5个因子构成的二阶因素模型;"潜艇艇员战斗士气量表"质量可靠,具有良好的信度和效度.     

增加样例学习中认知负荷的研究及思考

样例学习研究的一个重要取向:基于认知负荷理论.文章主要基于国外相关的研究文献,首先简述样例学习与认知负荷理论的关系,然后梳理增加样例学习中有效负荷研究概况与趋势,最后就有关研究问题作了进一步思考.     

时间压力对风险决策中框架效应的影响

时间压力是决策的重要因素.研究引入时间压力变量(高时间压力、非时间压力),探索了时间压力对风险决策的框架效应的影响.结果显示:(1)时间压力弱化了风险决策的框架效应;(2)时间压力情境下的框架效应是一个精细加工的过程.     

"中国哲学"本土化叙事的展开与生成

Independent narration in Chinese philosophy has gone through the process of interpretation, critical differentiation, dialogue, and original thought, and so is a creative activity that surpasses the conjunctive pattern of universality and particularity. In modern Confucian studies, there has always been a tension between philosophical and historical explanations, which suggests a tension between ecumenical and indigenous experiences. Critical differentiation itself only has methodological significance, and is not a goal in itself. China’s development and strength has encouraged China to engage in philosophical dialogue with the West. It is the task and direction of future philosophical creativity to face the contemporary existence, re-construct Confucianism’s relationship with modern life, and respond in a metaphysical and positive manner to the challenges imposed by modernity.     

从GVC走向NVC:长三角一体化与产业升级

融入全球价值链对我国区域间产业部门的联系产生了弱化效应,对区域实体经济的一体化发展产生了不利的影响.国内价值链的构建,既是长三角制造企业摆脱单一地依赖全球价值链的出口导向、实现可持续升级和可持续发展的重要举措之一,也是促进长三角区域经济进一步一体化的动力所在.