实践的控制

实践是人的存在方式,实践造就了人。但这并不表明实践应该被人类奉为圣物而崇拜!当实践仅仅被当作工具理性和政治理性的代名词而对自然界及人类社会进行改造时,实践就有可能使人类陷入一个自己为自己设下的牢笼之中。因此,反思实践,控制实践,才能确保人类社会的和谐安宁和人与自然的可持续发展。     

心理实验系统E-Prime介绍及其应用

心理实验正在进一步计算机化,文章介绍了这种发展趋势,概述了心理实验系统的发展,并重点介绍了标准化实验系统E-Prime。文中概述了E-Prime的功能及其与DMDX的比较,介绍了E-Prime作为实验教学系统和实验生成系统在实验教学和实验研究的应用,讨论了E-Prime应用中的一些问胚。     

用验证性因素分析法对控制源量表的分析研究

验证性因素分析方法克服了传统的探索性因素分析的不足,为心理学发展和研究的精细化、数学化提供了更可行的途径。本研究运用验证性因素分析方法对心理控制源量表进行了分析研究,研究发现L1SREL软件对SPSS不能分析出来的因素可以进一步地给予精确数据。     

A Meta-Analysis of Working Memory Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by executive dysfunction, and working memory (WM) comprises one core component of executive function. Many studies have investigated WM impairments in individuals with ASD, however, a conclusive agreement has not been reached. The present study provided a meta-analytic review of WM impairments in individuals with ASD and evaluated potential moderating variables of this problem. Twenty-eight studies were included in this study, and the participants comprised 819 individuals with ASD and 875 healthy controls. A significant WM impairment (Cohen’s d?=??0.61) was identified in the individuals with ASD, however, this impairment was not associated with age. Results of moderation analyses showed that (a) spatial WM was more severely impaired than verbal WM and (b) the component of cognitive processing (maintenance vs. maintenance plus manipulation) did not affect the severity of WM impairments. These findings suggest that WM is impaired in individuals with ASD and may have implications for interventions related to WM impairments in these individuals.     

Social contexts modulate neural responses in the processing of others’ pain: An event-related potential study

Two hypotheses have been proposed regarding the response that is triggered by observing others’ pain: the “empathizing hypothesis” and the “threat value of pain hypothesis.” The former suggests that observing others’ pain triggers an empathic response. The latter suggests that it activates the threat-detection system. In the present study, participants were instructed to observe pictures that showed an anonymous hand or foot in a painful or non-painful situation in a threatening or friendly social context. Event-related potentials were recorded when the participants passively observed these pictures in different contexts. We observed an interaction between context and picture in the early automatic N1 component, in which the painful pictures elicited a larger amplitude than the non-painful pictures only in the threatening context and not in the friendly context. We also observed an interaction between context and picture in the late P3 component, in which the painful pictures elicited a larger amplitude than the non-painful pictures only in the friendly context and not in the threatening context. These results indicate that specific social contexts can modulate the neural responses to observing others’ pain. The “empathic hypothesis” and “threat value of pain hypothesis” are not mutually exclusive and do not contradict each other but rather work in different temporal stages.