血吸虫逃避补体杀伤的机制研究

寄生虫免疫逃避的机理非常复杂,且随着虫种,生活史阶段的不同而不同。传统的对寄生虫免疫逃避的解释的有抗原变异,抗原伪装等等,现在的研究认为,一些补体调节因子,如ＣＤ５５ＣＤ５９等可能在血吸虫童虫逃避补体杀伤中起重要作用。     

Gender and Sexual Risk

Two hypotheses are evaluated in thisinvestigation of gender differences in the attitudinaland behavioral correlates of sexual risk. Thedifference in magnitude hypothesispredicts that the same factors are implicated for women and men butdifferences occur in the strength of correlates.Alternatively, women may engage in sexual risk fordifferent reasons than do men, leading to adifference in pattern hypothesis. We compared these possibilitieswith a sample of 576 primarily White, middle-class,never-married college students, most of whom werebetween 17 and 25 years of age. Analyses of loveattitudes, risk perception, sensation seeking, and riskbehaviors in other domains in relation to sexual riskbehavior showed some gender similarities as well asdifferences. Findings were more consistent with the difference in pattern hypothesis than with thedifference in magnitude hypothesis.     

Psychological characteristics of over- and undercontrolled violent offenders

Megargee (1966, 1973) has predicted a number of concomitant social, behavioral, and psychological differences between chronically undercontrolled and chronically overcontrolled violent individuals. Attempts to validate his theory, however, have resulted in seriously inconsistent findings, possibly because of the use of a measure to classify violent subjects that is of seemingly dubious validity--the Overcontrolled Hostility (OH) Scale (Megargee, Cook, & Mendelsohn, 1967). The present study used a different strategy--the classification of subjects by expert raters on the basis of extensive case history information--to compare overcontrolled violent, undercontrolled violent, and nonviolent criminal offenders on a number of psychometric measures (16PF, Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, Picture Situation Test, and the OH Scale). The findings were broadly consistent with predictions derived from Megargee's theory. Contrary to expectation, however, the nonviolent group did not obtain scores intermediate to the other two groups, but was statistically indistinguishable from the undercontrolled group, leaving a question as to the appropriateness of conceptualizing the typology in terms of over- and undercontrol of hostility and suggesting the necessity for some revision of the theory.     

成人依恋风格的结构探索

为明确成人依恋风格的潜在结构,采用成人依恋问卷对203名大一新生进行测量,通过因子分析、潜在剖面分析以及潜类别因子分析分别对数据进行分析,并对分析结果进行对比。结果表明:2因子模型优于单因子模型,4类别模型优于其他类别模型,3类别2因子模型优于其他潜类别因子模型;以上3个最优模型中,2因子模型优于4类别模型,4类别模型优于3类别2因子模型。因此成人依恋的潜在结构是连续的。     

Navigating through apertures: perceptual judgements and actions of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Passing through a narrow gap/aperture involves a perceptual judgement regarding the size of the gap and an action to pass through. Children with DCD are known to have difficulties with perceptual judgements in near space but whether this extends to far space is unknown. Furthermore, in a recent study it was found that adults with DCD do not scale movements when walking through an aperture in the same way as their peers. The current study, therefore, considered perceptual judgements and motor behaviour of children with DCD while looking at or walking through apertures. Twenty‐nine children with DCD and 29 typically developing (TD) children took part. In Experiment 1, participants completed a perceptual task, where they made passability judgements. Children with DCD showed a significantly smaller critical ratio (aperture size at which a participant first rotates the shoulders to pass through) compared to their TD peers. In Experiment 2, participants completed an action task where they walked through the same apertures. Children with DCD showed a significantly larger critical ratio than TD peers when body size alone was accounted for. Taken together these results suggest that perception within a static context is different from that within a dynamic context for children with DCD. However, despite this difference we have demonstrated a clear relationship between perception and action in children with DCD. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/SABXFrAJtF8     

归纳推论—演绎推论的不对称性在中国文化背景下的表现

归纳推论-演绎推论的不对称性是指人们在社会交往中会做出较多的归纳推论,而较少做出演绎推论,但这种社会推论倾向亦受到了文化及语言的影响.本研究目的是检验该现象在中国文化背景下的表现.采用Maass等人提出的研究范式,在一个实验中同时引发被试做出归纳和演绎两种推论,使用特别选取的特质形容词和相应的行为信息,用录音呈现实验材料.因变量为: (1)正确再认实际呈现过的材料; (2)正确拒绝没有呈现过的材料; (3)虚报没有呈现过的材料; (4)从已呈现的材料中做出推论的数量.统计被试做出各类反应的次数及反应时间.结果表明,中国被试并没有表现出对归纳推论的偏向,研究讨论了这一现象的文化影响.     

现代“四德”对传统美德承接点的探析

胡锦涛在党的十七大报告中提出了"加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德建设"的任务,同时又指出了"弘扬中华文化"的途径和方向.从传统美德中的"礼"、"忠"、"孝"、"仁"的蕴义里,挖掘其底蕴,利用其精髓,并以其作为现代"四德"的承接点,是加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德和个人品德建设的重要途径.     

自我解释的研究

本文从以下几个方面阐述了关于自我解释的研究,首先介绍了自我解释的研究背景,然后定义了自我解释,并且与其他学习活动进行了比较,随后从不同的研究视角揭示出自我解释效果,随即讨论了促进自我解释的方法,即提示自我解释,最后探讨了两种自我解释效果的认知机制：空缺填补假设和心理模型修补假设。     

Working memory selection and competition between target and distractor representations

A working memory selection task combining directed-forgetting and memory-scanning paradigms was used to test the hypothesis that difficulty in selecting target from distractor items in working memory depends on the competition between target and distractor representations, as is commonly assumed in perceptual selection research. Participants memorized two trigrams and were then cued to select one as the new memory set and forget the other. They later saw a test letter and made judgment as to whether the letter was in the selected trigram, i.e., the new memory set. Selection difficulty was examined by manipulating the type of selection cues and the time the cue could be utilized. While re-presenting the targets in the cue display facilitated selection, re-presenting distractors did not impede selection. The results suggest that working memory selection may depend more on the activation from representations of the target than of the distractor.