工作记忆广度与自我损耗的关系

以往研究表明,工作记忆能力高的个体在自我控制方面也表现得更好,通过考察工作记忆广度（working memory span, WMS）与自我损耗的关系,有助于揭示这种现象的内在机制。66名被试随机分为损耗组和控制组,采用自动化操作广度测验测量WMS。双任务实验中,任务一为情绪抑制任务,任务二为Stroop任务。结果发现,损耗组的Stroop效应明显高于控制组。进一步分析显示,损耗组中高WMS被试的自我损耗效应要强于低WMS被试,此结果表明：高WMS个体在自我控制任务中表现得更好并不是因为固有的自我控制能量水平更高,而是因为他们倾向于在自我控制过程中投入更多能量。     

知觉负载对负性分心面孔的知觉加工和记忆的影响

本研究采用视觉搜索和意外再认记忆任务,结合事件相关电位技术,考察知觉负载对负性分心面孔的知觉加工和记忆的影响。在视觉搜索任务中,行为上恐惧分心面孔在高负载下干扰任务。ERP结果上,恐惧比中性分心面孔诱发更大的N170和N250;在低负载下恐惧比中性分心面孔诱发更大的N700,在高负载下没有差异。在意外再认记忆中,个体对低负载下的恐惧分心面孔表现出记忆。这些结果说明负性分心物在早期是自动化加工;晚期加工受知觉负载的调节,负载越低对负性分心物的过滤越少,存在对负性分心物的记忆偏向。     

书面字形在汉语低年级儿童口语词汇学习中的作用

采用配对联想学习范式, 通过2个实验, 系统考察了书面字形在汉语低年级儿童口语词汇学习中的作用。实验一以40名二年级学生为研究对象, 控制了假字的形旁透明度, 操纵了声旁的规则性, 要求儿童分别在规则字、不规则字和无字形条件下学习4个新异物体的名称, 结果发现呈现不规则汉字阻碍了儿童口语词汇的学习;实验二以27名一年级学生为研究对象, 采用相同的配对联想学习范式, 同时操纵了假字的声旁规则性和形旁透明度, 再次发现了不规则汉字的阻碍效应, 并且发现透明形旁对口语词汇学习的促进作用。整个研究表明, 书面字形在汉语儿童口语词汇学习中具有重要作用, 这对今后的教学实践和理论研究都具有重要启示意义。     

语音在汉字语义通达中作用的研究述评

语音在汉字语义通达中的作用是二十多年来心理语言学研究的热点之一。直通假设和形音交互假设是学者们主张的理论观点,它们在语音和语义的相互关系上存在分歧,并分别有各自的实验证据。从比较语音语义激活时间进程、同音字效应、神经心理学与脑成像、语音作用的发展转换这四个方面对过去的研究进行回顾,指出了实验范式和实验材料中存在的问题,并提出结合汉字特点进行研究的思路。     

青少年网络行为自我调控量表的编制及效度验证*

在文献查阅、访谈、问卷调查的基础上编制了《网络行为自我调控量表》,量表的六个维度:网瘾认知、卷入性情绪自控、网络卷入体验、网络行为调控。该量表具备良好的信度和结构效度。以青少年病理性网络使用量表(APIUS)为关联效标,发现网络行为自我调控水平与成瘾倾向呈显著负相关,成瘾组与非成瘾组在自我调控量表得分上差异显著,支持了量表的实证效度。该量表经进一步检验和完善后可作为评鉴青少年网络行为自我调控能力的有效工具。     

家庭诸因素与初中生吸烟行为的关系

以北京市一所普通中学初一至初三的学生为被试,全面考察家庭诸因素与初中生吸烟行为的关系。单因素X^2检验发现,母亲吸烟行为与态度、情感温暖,家庭沟通、凝聚力,父母监控,父亲吸烟态度、惩罚严厉、拒绝否认和过分干涉与初中生的吸烟行为有显著关系;多因素逻辑回归分析表明,只有母亲吸烟态度和吸烟行为、家庭沟通对青少年吸烟行为有显著影响作用。     

男性与女性对不同性别和种族面孔识别的差异

研究以大学生为被试,采用延时匹配任务,旨在探讨性别和种族因素对面孔识别的影响,结果发现:(1)男、女被试对女性面孔识别的反应时及正确率均优于男性面孔;(2)被试对不同种族女性面孔识别的优势存在差异,被试对高加索女性面孔的识别表现为更高的正确率,而对中国女性面孔的识别表现为更快的识别速度;(3)面孔种族是导致女性面孔识别优势的重要影响因素。研究表明,面孔识别受到面孔种族、面孔性别和被试性别共同作用的影响。     

Association of Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene with Creative Ideation

Although several studies suggest that dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene may contribute to creativity, the relationship between DRD2 and creativity still needs to be further validated. To further test the relevance of DRD2 and creativity, this study explored the association between DRD2 and creative ideation in 483 unrelated healthy Chinese undergraduate students. A total of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the DRD2 were genotyped, and creative ideation was assessed by the Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS). Single SNP analysis showed that 2 SNPs (rs4648317 and rs4938019) were nominally associated with fluency, 4 SNPs (rs4648317, rs4938019, rs4648319, and rs1800497) were nominally associated with flexibility, and 1 SNP (rs4648317) was nominally associated with originality. Haplotype analysis showed several haplotypes were nominally associated with various creative ideation indexes. However, none of these nominal associations survived correction for multiple testing. Overall, this study provides suggestive evidence for the genetic impact of DRD2 on creative ideation and supports the assumption that the genotype variations in DRD2 contribute to creativity.     

Internet Use in Young Adult Males: from the Perspective of Pursuing Well-Being

This study explored notable and measurable differences between intense users and less intense internet users in college students as they pursue well-being in the context of positive psychology. A total of 1024 male students from four general universities in China, served as study participants; data were collected via Internet Addiction Test, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Online Social Support Scale, and Subjective Well-Being Scale. Results showed that compared to less intense internet users, intense users perceive limited real-life social support but considerable online social support. For intense users, online social support influences their subjective well-being partially through the intervening variable of self-esteem; for the less intense internet users, online social support has an insignificant predictive effect on self-esteem or well-being.