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951.
Y.T. Chao 《International journal of psychology》1990,25(3-6):583-592
This paper discusses the role of the indigenous values in facilitating the development of managerial and organizational systems underlying the success of indigenous enterprises in the newly industrialized societies. One illustration is the Chinese culture or, more specifically, the Confucian tradition and ethos, and their implication for management and worker performance in work organizations within the ‘Confucian league’ of Asian societies. The affective rational approach to the paternalistic style of the Japanese and Chinese management coupled with such normative values as trust, subtlety and loyalty of the employees explain the individuals' commitment to their work organization and the excellence in leadership. With reference to the leading steel plant, the China Steel Corporation in Taiwan, this paper examines how such a cherished system of managerial philosophy and practices, in the context of its indigenous Chinese cultural and normative heritage, has been successfully applied to the integration of its labour force, and the upgrading of their morale, performance and productivity. 相似文献
952.
Although some attention has been given to the scale characteristics of modifying adverbs in Likert scales, the existing work has been concerned primarily with majority group members. Toward the goal of identifying valid labels for use on Likert scales with black-American respondents, 105 black-American adults scaled each of 27 adverbs (e.g., very, most) on four different adjectives (e.g., important). Four criteria for a set of ideal adverbs were identified for univalent scales. No set of four adverbs, however, met the criteria. Differences in the mean ratings of eight of the adverbs were found by sex group and across the four adjectives modified. The adverbs were not scored at the extremes of the continuum, despite our asking the respondents to rate the adverbs used to define the end points of the continuum. High variances were found across all adverbs. Further research must address the respondents' perceptual frame in the use of such scales. 相似文献
953.
WINNIE Y. YOUNG JANIS S. HOUSTON JAMES H. HARRIS R. GENE HOFFMAN LAURESS L. WISE 《Personnel Psychology》1990,43(2):301-311
The data base for the Army Selection and Classification Project (Project A) contains two major samples referred to as the concurrent validation sample and the longitudinal validation sample. The former was drawn from a cohort that joined the Army in 1983/84, and the latter from a cohort that entered in 1986/87. This paper describes the data base resulting from the concurrent sample. The sampling procedure, the distribution of sample sizes over jobs, the total array of variables, and the data collection procedures are described. Also discussed are the extensive data editing procedures that were used to deal with missing data. 相似文献
954.
T R Minor M A Trauner C Y Lee N K Dess 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》1990,16(2):123-136
Six experiments examined the effects of signaling the termination of inescapable shock (cessation conditioning) or shock-free periods (backward conditioning) on later escape deficits in the learned helplessness paradigm, using rats (Sprague-Dawley and Bantin-Kingman). A cessation signal prevented later performance deficits when highly variable inescapable shock durations were used during pretreatment. The inclusion of short minimum intertrial intervals during pretreatment did not alter the benefits of cessation conditioning but eliminated the protection afforded by a safety signal. The beneficial effects of both cessation and backward signals were eliminated when a single stimulus signaled shock termination and a shock-free period. Finally, a combination of cessation and backward signals was found to be most effective in immunizing against the effects of subsequent unsignaled, inescapable shock on later escape performance. These data suggest that cessation conditioning may be crucial to the prophylactic action of an escape response. 相似文献
955.
Y Motohashi 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》1990,20(4):352-361
Circadian variations in suicide attempts in Tokyo from 1978 to 1985 were analyzed on the basis of records of the Ambulance Service of Tokyo. A significant circadian variation in suicide attempts was demonstrated by the cosinor method, power spectrum analysis (by the maximum-entropy method), and analysis of variance. The peak time for suicide attempts was established by cosinor analysis as about 1800 hours (6:00 P.M.). The circadian variation in suicide attempts seemed to be associated with endogenous rhythms such as mood, as well as with daily variation in social activities. 相似文献
956.
The coding of printed letters in a task of consonant recall was examined in relation to the level of success of prelingually and profoundly deaf children (median age 8.75 years) in beginning reading. As determined by recall errors, the deaf children who were classified as good readers appeared to use both speech and fingerspelling (manual) codes in short-term retention of printed letters. In contrast, deaf children classified as poor readers did not show influence of either of these linguistically based codes in recall. Thus, the success of deaf children in beginning reading, like that of hearing children, appears to be related to the ability to establish and make use of linguistically recoded representations of the language. Neither group showed evidence of dependence on visual cues for recall. 相似文献
957.
In many activities, the human being must quickly decide on the response to be produced following a change in the environment. In some of these situations, the limb that the individual chooses to carry out a response seems to be a significant element in performance. Thus, if the individual carries out the response with the limb closest to the target, the performance can improve because it will take less time to achieve the goal. However, it seems that in these situations, the human being does not take this decrease in movement time into consideration and that the response is carried out with the dominant hand. Why is this so? It may be because the reaction is faster when there doesn't have to be a choice as to which limb will carry out the response. The goal of this study was to check this possibility. In order to do so, the subjects performed a two choice reaction-time task. For this task, some subjects knew beforehand which hand they had to use to carry out the response while other subjects were unaware of this fact. The results of two experiments indicated that the choice of the limb which is to carry out the response requires no particular delay when the movement to be produced is externally guided. 相似文献
958.
959.
KJELL FLEKKØY 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1975,16(1):149-151
Abstract.— The hypothesis tested was that the search for a response word in a single word, free association situation proceeds in the direction of decreasing semantic similarity between the stimulus and response words. Semantic features were assigned to the 50 first Kent-Rosanoff words and each of the three most frequent response words to each stimulus word, obtained in a single word, free association situation (N =176). An index for the number of semantic features shared by the stimulus and response words was found to decrease with increasing response latency, thus confirming the hypothesis. The findings further supports the assumption that semantic meanings of stimulus and response words are determinants of free. associative responding. 相似文献
960.
For subhuman vertebrates there already exists a huge body of information on male and female courtship behaviour and in many instances the impact of movement patterns on the prospective partner has been assessed. However, little information is available on the erotic impact of human movement patterns.In analysing erotic preferences by means of the phallometric method, moving vs. still pictures has been a factor in a variety of studies. Kolá?ský and Madlafousek (1973) compared the erotic responses of normal and sexually deviant males to filmed courtship behaviour, non-erotic activities and stills of the same female. They found that dynamically presented filmed courtship patterns were more arousing for normal heterosexual males than stills on which no particular activity was shown, and that these stills were more arousing than movie pictures of nonerotic activities.In a study of classical conditioning, McConaghy (1970) found he could not condition positive penile responses to geometric figures when using still pictures of nude females as unconditioned stimuli, but that this was possible when using movies. He concluded that the movie pictures had a greater impact on his Ss than the stills and supported this impression with another study in which he compared responses to movies and stills of nude females (McConaghy, 1973). However, the persons on the movies were not identical with those on the stills and the depicted behavioural configurations varied widely. In the following study, results are reported on the erotic value of a relatively simple movement pattern, namely walking towards the viewer and smiling, vs. a still picture of the same person smiling. 相似文献