丘处机"济世"人格的审美意蕴--全真道审美人格建构(之二)

"济世"是丘处机一生的主要人格特征,它包含三方面内容:积功累德,自善其身;拯世济民,兼善天下;悲天悯物,兼济苍生.丘处机之"济世"根源于人之"善心",仁爱慈善、珍爱一切生命是它的精神内核.丘处机"济世"人格的形成是其立足道教,吸纳儒家思想的结果,包蕴着深刻而丰富的人文内涵,体现出全真道以善求真、以善合真、真善结合的审美追求.本文试图从对丘处机"济世"人格的剖析中,探求全真道的宗教美学思想.     

社会游戏情境在幼儿遮挡绘画中的作用

该研究以90名4—5岁幼儿为被试,考察了遮挡方式、社会性游戏情境以及年龄对幼儿遮挡绘画的影响,结果表明：(1)幼儿遮挡绘画表征策略的发展不是以“全”或“无”的方式进行的,而是多种策略并存;(2)部分遮挡、完全遮挡这两种遮挡方式的难易程度有很大的差异;(3)设置社会性游戏情境提高了幼儿遮挡绘画的表征策略水平;(4)与年龄相关的成熟水平是影响儿童遮挡绘画表征水平的重要因素。     

第二语言语义提取中的工作记忆效应

本文报告一项针对工作记忆容量是否制约中国英语学习者第二语言语义提取效率的实验。实验考查了工作记忆广度中的个体差异是否抑制学习者对第二语言单词语义信息的提取问题,还探索了工作记忆广度和第二语言词汇知识水平的相关性。研究以通用容量工作记忆模型为基础,采用运算广度的工作记忆测试,得出工作记忆广度对单词语义信息的提取没有显著抑制作用的结果。结果还显示工作记忆广度与第二语言词汇知识水平之间没有显著的线性关系。     

Genetic architecture of context processing in late middle age: more than one underlying mechanism

Studies comparing young and older adults suggest a deficit in processing context information as a key mechanism underlying cognitive aging. However, the genetic architecture of context processing has not been examined. Consistent with previous results, we found evidence of functionally dissociable components of context processing accuracy in 1127 late middle-aged twins ages 51-60. One component emphasizes use of context cues to prepare responses (proactive cognitive control), and the other emphasizes adjustment of responses after probes are presented (reactive control). Approximately one-quarter of the variance in each component was accounted for by genes. Multivariate twin analysis indicated that genetic factors underlying two important components of context processing were independent of one another, thus implicating more than one underlying mechanism. Slower reaction time (RT) on noncontext processing trials was positively correlated with errors on the strongly proactive control component on which young adults outperform older adults, but RT was negatively correlated with errors on the strongly reactive control component on which older adults perform better. Although this RT measure was uncorrelated with chronological age in our age-homogeneous sample, slower RT was associated with performance patterns that were more like older adults. However, this did not generalize to other processing speed measures. Genetic correlations, which reflect shared genetic variance, paralleled the phenotypic correlations. There was also a positive genetic correlation between general cognitive ability and accuracy on the proactive control component, but there were still mostly distinct genetic influences underlying these measures. In contrast, the reactive control component was unrelated to general cognitive ability.     

Can unpredicted outcomes be intended? The role of outcome-beliefs in children's judgments of intention

An adult-like concept of intention includes a deliberate action to achieve a goal and a belief that one's action (if successful) will cause the desired outcome. For example, good outcomes caused by accident or by chance are not believed to be caused intentionally. In two experiments, we asked whether children understand this connection between intentions and outcomes. Children played two games in which actions could produce unintended outcomes (i.e., causes were unplanned). Children sometimes received a desirable reward independent of intention. In Experiment 1, 4- and 5-year-olds mistakenly claimed they had intended the desirable outcome even when it was unexpected. Four-year-olds judged that they had not intended a deliberate action if it did not yield a rewarding outcome. Experiment 2 demonstrates that 6-year-olds seldom make these errors. The results suggest that 4- and 5-year-old children have not yet attained an adult-like concept of intention. Their inaccurate judgments regarding their intentions, given a rewarding yet unexpected outcome, can be explained by a positivity bias.     

中学生社会问题解决能力的特点及其与社会适应的关系

采用问卷法,对2157名中学生社会问题解决能力的特点及其与社会适应的关系进行研究。结果发现:(1)从初中到高中,中学生的社会问题解决能力出现下降的趋势;男生在计划制定上显著高于女生,在人际沟通、支持寻求上显著低于女生;班干部的社会问题解决能力显著高于非班干部;(2)中学生的社会问题解决能力可分为建设型、一般型和不良型,所占比例分别为22.9%、42.8%、34.4%,建设型中学生的社会适应状况显著好于一般型和不良型;(3)社会问题解决能力与社会适应状况显著相关,其对积极的社会适应有显著的正向预测作用,对消极的社会适应有显著的负向预测作用;在社会问题解决能力各维度中,问题趋近和问题回避的预测作用最为突出。     

手术治疗2型糖尿病的利弊

外科手术治疗重度肥胖由来已久.近年来观察发现,同样的手术对糖尿病预防率和"治愈率"非常理想.目前我国这方面的工作如火如荼.今年世界糖尿病联盟专门在纽约开会,宣布将外科手术治疗肥胖、糖尿病作为糖尿病防治的手段之一.本文简述了外科手术发展史、手术治疗的疗效及并发症.辩证看待手术治疗2型糖尿病,正确把握手术适应证和熟练掌握手术操作至关重要,我们仍然需要正视外科手术治疗2型糖尿病所存在的一些问题,如是否具备手术指征、可能出现一定的并发症、术后未必能够完全治愈等等,不宜盲目推广.关于其是否能够完全颠覆糖尿病的传统治疗模式,现在就下结论还为时尚早,尤其是现在糖尿病的內科治疗新方法层出不穷,尚需要进行大规模的临床研究来对各种內外科疗法进行评估和对照.     

早期胃癌的治疗

目前,早期胃癌(early gastric cancer,EGC)的治疗仍以开放性手术治疗为主,其预后明显优于进展期胃癌.近年来,随着对EGC浸润与转移规律的深入认识和新技术的应用,其治疗中微创外科的应用更为广泛和合理,并重视患者术后的生活质量.本文结合国内外的研究进展,深入探讨EGC的治疗方法及应用指征,特别是微创外科的应用,如内镜下治疗和腹腔镜(辅助)手术等.     

2009年-2011年广州市甲型H1N1流感监测定量研究

本文对广州市2009年7月～2011年1月的发热呼吸道监测数据进行了定量分析,并在此分析的基础上提出了相关政策建议,比如加强人群分类管理、加快疫苗研制、避免抗病毒药物的滥用、重视健康管理和健康教育以及遵循预防控制原则等。     

The Use of Psychoeducation for a Patient with Hepatitis C and Psychiatric Illness in Preparation for Antiviral Therapy: A Case Report and Discussion

The standard of care treatment for chronic hepatitis C viral infection (HCV) is a combination of pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin for 24-48?weeks according to the virus genotype. This therapy is known to have multiple neuropsychiatric side effects. A major concern when evaluating a patient for HCV treatment with a known history of a psychiatric disorder is the risk that the patient's psychiatric disorder will flare or become unmanageable. The possibility of precipitating depression, confusion, mania, psychosis, hallucinations, or suicidal ideation or attempt is frequently an obstacle to treatment. We present the case of a 50?year-old man with HCV and an extensive psychiatric history involving alcoholism, depression, and suicidality who participated in a psychoeducation group to help prepare him for treatment with pegylated interferon alfa/ribavirin therapy. Though the patient derived much benefit from the psychoeducation group, by the time of evaluation for HCV treatment two months after the group ended he had relapsed back into a depressive episode with suicidal thoughts. His acute psychiatric status made him unacceptable for pegylated interferon alfa/ribavirin therapy. Psychoeducation groups show promise for helping patients with chronic medical illness to be ready for and endure intensive medical treatment that has substantial psychiatric side effects. The challenge is to help patients overcome barriers to treatment, particularly psychosocial problems, because available treatments are increasingly effective.