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441.
Linking Crimes Using Behavioural Clues: Current Levels of Linking Accuracy and Strategies for Moving Forward 下载免费PDF全文
Craig Bennell Rebecca Mugford Holly Ellingwood Jessica Woodhams 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2014,11(1):29-56
The number of published studies examining crime linkage analysis has grown rapidly over the last decade, to the point where a special issue of this journal has recently been dedicated to the topic. Many of these studies have used a particular measure (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, or the AUC) to quantify the degree to which it is possible to link crimes. This article reviews studies that have utilised the AUC and examines how good we are currently at linking crimes (within the context of these research studies) and what factors impact linking accuracy. The results of the review suggest that, in the majority of cases, moderate levels of linking accuracy are achieved. Of the various factors that have been examined that might impact linking accuracy, the three factors that appear to have the most significant impact are crime type, behavioural domain, and jurisdiction. We discuss how generalisable these results are to naturalistic investigative settings. We also highlight some of the important limitations of the linking studies that we reviewed and offer up some strategies for moving this area of research forward. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
442.
Holly H. Schiffrin 《Journal of child and family studies》2014,23(6):1062-1072
Fredrickson’s (1998) broaden-and-build model and Bowlby’s (1969) attachment theory provide alternate explanations for positive cognitive, social, physical, and psychological outcomes, positive affect and secure attachments, respectively. This study examined whether affect mediates the relationship between attachment and positive outcomes. The sample consisted of 99 undergraduate students from a small, public liberal arts college in the mid-Atlantic region. For people high in attachment anxiety, but not those high in attachment avoidance, affect partially mediated social and psychological outcomes and fully mediated health outcomes. People who scored high in attachment anxiety reported less positive affect and more negative affect, which results in poorer social, physical, and psychological outcomes than those with lower levels of attachment anxiety. Perhaps children with caregivers who are more responsive to their needs experience more positive affect; and, it is the experience of positive affect that yields developmental advantages. 相似文献
443.
Hannes Zacher Holly A. Brailsford Stacey L. Parker 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2014,85(3):287-297
Organizational researchers and practitioners are increasingly interested in self-regulatory strategies employees can use at work to sustain or improve their occupational well-being. A recent cross-sectional study on energy management strategies suggested that many work-related strategies (e.g., setting a new goal) are positively related to occupational well-being, whereas many micro-breaks (e.g., listening to music) are negatively related to occupational well-being. We used a diary study design to take a closer look at the effects of these energy management strategies on fatigue and vitality. Based on conservation of resources theory, we hypothesized that both types of energy management strategies negatively predict fatigue and positively predict vitality. Employees (N = 124) responded to a baseline survey and to hourly surveys across one work day (6.7 times on average). Consistent with previous research, between-person differences in the use of work-related strategies were positively associated with between-person differences in vitality. However, results of multilevel analyses of the hourly diary data showed that only micro-breaks negatively predicted fatigue and positively predicted vitality. These findings suggest that taking micro-breaks during the work day may have short-term effects on occupational well-being, whereas using work-related strategies may have long-term effects. 相似文献
444.
As adoptees transition to adulthood, their roles in the family may shift, providing them with opportunities to have increasing autonomy in their decisions about contact and initiating conversations about adoption. Research has often focused more on adoptees as children, yet in emerging adulthood, there are important shifts in the life roles and relationships of adoptees during which adoptive parents continue to be meaningful. This study examined associations among attachment and communication within the adoptive family during adulthood with emerging adult adoptees' experience of birth family contact (frequency of and satisfaction with birth family contact), in a sample of 167 emerging adults with varied contact with birth family (from no contact to frequent contact). Results suggest that perceptions of secure parent–child attachment relationships, as well as sensitive and open communication with adoptive parents about adoption, continue to be important for emerging adult adoptees and lead to greater satisfaction for adoptees with birth parent contact—regardless of whether adoptees actually have birth family contact. In particular, positive family communication about adoption during adulthood was predictive of satisfaction with birth parent contact. Limitations and implications are discussed. 相似文献
445.
Regina A. Lagman Grace J. Yoo Ellen G. Levine Kira A. Donnell Holly R. Lim 《Journal of religion and health》2014,53(2):449-460
Many Filipinos have a powerful adherence to Catholicism. However, little is known about spirituality and religious involvement of Filipina Americans who have been diagnosed with breast cancer. Ten (n = 10) in-depth qualitative interviews with Filipina immigrant breast cancer survivors identified prayer to be the most common religious practice, followed by prayers by others and spiritual support from the Catholic Church. These findings can help clinicians and researchers understand the role of spirituality and religion in providing comfort and support for Filipina immigrant breast cancer patient as they face the stress of diagnosis and treatment. 相似文献
446.
An experience sampling study examined the degree to which feeling stereotyped predicts feelings of low power and inhibition among stigmatized and nonstigmatized individuals. For 7 days, participants with a concealable (gay and lesbian), a visible (African American), or no identifiable stigma recorded feelings of being stereotyped, of powerlessness, and of inhibition immediately following social interactions. For members of all three groups, feeling stereotyped was associated with more inhibition, and this relation was partially mediated by feeling low in power. Although stigmatized participants reported feeling stereotyped more often than nonstigmatized participants, they reacted less strongly to the experience, consistent with the presence of buffering mechanisms developed by those living with stigma. African Americans appeared to buffer the impact of feeling stereotyped more effectively than gay and lesbian participants, an effect that was partly attributable to African Americans' higher identity centrality. 相似文献
447.
Betz ME Krzyzaniak SM Hedegaard H Lowenstein SR 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2011,41(4):445-452
All suicides by Hispanics (n = 434) and non-Hispanic Whites (n = 3,370) in Colorado from 2004 to 2008 using the Violent Death Reporting System were examined. Hispanic victims were significantly younger. Adjusting for age and gender, Hispanic victims were less likely to have reported depressed mood [odds ratio (OR) 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-0.97], mental health diagnosis (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.41-0.7), or current psychiatric treatment (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.43-0.77). There were no differences in reports of financial, relationship, job, or legal stresses. Hispanic suicides were equally likely to be by overdose, firearm, or hanging, but more likely to be in jail (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.55-4.65). To prevent suicides, stronger partnerships are needed among public health, medical, mental health, and criminal justice professionals. 相似文献
448.
Joyce A. Baptist Yvonne Amanor-Boadu Kevin Garrett Briana S. Nelson Goff Jonathan Collum Paulicia Gamble Holly Gurss Erin Sanders-Hahs Lizette Strader Stephanie Wick 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2011,33(3):199-214
An examination of how members of military marriages were affected by and adapted to OIF/OEF deployment found three themes:
communicating to stay connected, emotional and marital intimacy, and managing change. The findings demonstrate the nuanced
and subtle nature of deployment-related challenges. While open and frequent communication was important in the adaptation
process, communication was not synonymous with transparency. Unshared stories created a void that prevented couples from confiding
in and supporting their partners. Although wives maintained their marriages by restraining sexual desires and over-extending
their responsibilities post-deployment, these behaviors had a negative effect on marital quality. Clinical and research implications
are discussed. 相似文献
449.
Peritraumatic dissociation (PD) and experiential avoidance (EA) have been implicated in the etiology of posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS); however, the function of these two factors in the onset and maintenance of PTSS following a potentially traumatic event is unclear. The temporal relationships between EA, PD, and the four clusters of PTSS proposed by the Simms/Watson dysphoria model (Simms, Watson, & Doebbeling, 2002) were examined in a three-wave prospective investigation of 532 undergraduate women participating in an ongoing longitudinal study at the time of a campus shooting. Path analyses indicated that preshooting EA predicted greater PD, intrusions, and dysphoria symptoms approximately one month postshooting. PD was associated with increased symptomatology across all four clusters 1-month postshooting, while 1-month postshooting EA was associated with higher dysphoria and hyperarousal symptoms eight months postshooting. PD had a significant indirect effect on all four PTSS clusters eight months postshooting via 1-month postshooting symptom reports. The results suggest that both EA and PD show unique influences as risk factors for PTSS following a potentially traumatic event. 相似文献
450.
This paper examines public participation and the role of community psychology in an emerging environmental dispute relevant to global climate change (GCC)-whether nuclear power represents a "green" solution. From a dialectical position, we explore the nuclear debate as it is linked to GCC, and more specifically, how participation in related federally-mandated processes may be shaped by power. We present qualitative data from public meetings in two nuclear communities and analyze these data through a lens of social power and environmental justice, including an examination of nukespeak and telepolitical appeals to highlight the complexity of the issues, how the appearance of successful participation may be deceptive, and how consensus may be manipulated. We argue that CP should consider GCC to be one of the most significant social problems of our time and make every effort to be involved in the search for truly "green" solutions. 相似文献