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141.
Miriam Liss Holly H. Schiffrin Kathryn M. Rizzo 《Journal of child and family studies》2013,22(8):1112-1119
Guilt and shame are emotions commonly associated with motherhood. Self-discrepancy theory proposes that guilt and shame result from perceived discrepancies between one’s actual and ideal selves. Fear of negative evaluation by others may enhance the effects of self-discrepancy especially for shame, which involves fear of others’ reproach. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between self discrepancy, guilt, shame, and fear of negative evaluation in a cross-sectional, self report study of mothers. Mothers of children five and under (N = 181) completed an on-line survey measuring guilt, shame, fear of negative evaluation, and maternal self-discrepancies. Guilt and shame were related to maternal self-discrepancy and fear of negative evaluation. In addition, fear of negative evaluation moderated the relationship between maternal self-discrepancy and shame such that mothers who greatly feared negative evaluation had a very strong relationship between these variables. Maternal self-discrepancy and shame were not related among mothers who had low fear of negative evaluation. The results are discussed in terms of the detrimental effects of internalizing idealized standards of perfect motherhood. 相似文献
142.
Development and Validation of a Quantitative Measure of Intensive Parenting Attitudes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Miriam Liss Holly H. Schiffrin Virginia H. Mackintosh Haley Miles-McLean Mindy J. Erchull 《Journal of child and family studies》2013,22(5):621-636
Intensive mothering (IM) attitudes have been considered the dominant discourse of motherhood, but have only been assessed qualitatively The goal of this study was to develop a quantitative scale to assess these ideologies, their construct validity, and their relationship to relevant constructs (i.e., work status and division of household labor). An on-line questionnaire was given to 595 mothers asking 56 questions assessing different aspects of IM attitudes as well as several validation measures. An Exploratory Factor Analysis on 315 randomly selected mothers yielded a 5 factor solution. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the remaining 280 mothers demonstrated good fit. The five factors expressed the ideas that (1) women are inherently better at parenting than men (Essentialism), (2) parenting should be fulfilling (Fulfillment), (3) children should be cognitively stimulated by parents (Stimulation), (4) mothering is difficult (Challenging), and (5) parents should prioritize the needs of the child (Child-Centered). Scales had adequate reliability and construct validity compared to the Parental Investment in the Child questionnaire, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, and Beliefs about Maternal Employment. The Essentialism, Fulfillment, and Challenging scales were positively related to having more responsibility for child care and household chores. Stay-at-home mothers had higher scores on Essentialism and lower scores on Stimulation than both part-time and full-time working mothers supporting the notion that both working and non-working mothers have intensive parenting ideologies that are manifested in different ways. 相似文献
143.
Holly Lawford-Smith 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2013,16(3):653-669
144.
Stephanie M. Calmes John M. Laux Holly L. Scott Jennifer L. Reynolds Christopher P. Roseman Nick J. Piazza 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2013,34(2):70-80
First‐year college students (N= 143) completed the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory‐3 and a questionnaire about childhood traumatic experiences. As the number of traumatic experiences increases, so does the likelihood of substance use in college. 相似文献
145.
Tara M. Hill John M. Laux Gregory Stone Paula Dupuy Holly Scott 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2013,34(1):40-50
Rasch analysis of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory–3 (SASSI‐3; F. G. Miller & Lazowski, 1999 ) indicated that the SASSI‐3 meets fundamental measurement properties; however, the authors of the current study recommend the elimination of nonfunctioning items and the improvement of response options for the face valid scales to increase functioning and ease of use. 相似文献
146.
Samuel Nii Ardey Codjoe Peter Quartey Cynthia Addoquaye Tagoe Holly E. Reed 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2013,14(3):439-456
This paper analyses the effects of the presence of Liberian refugees on cost of goods/services and business activities, pressure on resources/facilities, social vices and environmental activities based on perceptions (although attempts have been made to buttress the perceptions with information from focus group discussions) of hosts and refugees. The analysis included gender and type of occupation from within and among the groups. The aim was to ascertain whether the presence of refugees are viewed as having positive, negative or mixed impacts. Data are from 10 focus group discussions and 120 household surveys undertaken in April 2007. Results show that although there are gender and occupational differentials, host communities contend that refugees have increased the costs of goods and services, brought pressure on facilities, increased social vices and deteriorated environmental resources. However, refugees are viewed as a source of income and market, and trade partners, who have brought a lot of infrastructural developments. Thus, one can describe refugee presence as having mixed impacts. 相似文献
147.
Holly L. Storkel 《Behavior research methods》2013,45(4):1159-1167
A corpus of 5,765 consonant–vowel–consonant sequences (CVCs) was compiled, and phonotactic probability and neighborhood density were computed for both child and adult corpora. This corpus of CVCs, provided as supplementary materials, was analyzed to address the following questions: (1) Do computations based on a child corpus differ from those based on an adult corpus? (2) Do the phonotactic probability and/or the neighborhood density of real words differ from those of nonwords? (3) Do phonotactic probability and/or neighborhood density differ across CVCs that vary in consonant age of acquisition? The results showed significant differences in phonotactic probability and neighborhood density for the child versus adult corpora, replicating prior findings. The impact of this difference on future studies will depend on the level of precision needed when specifying probability and density. In addition, significant and large differences in phonotactic probability and neighborhood density were detected between real words and nonwords, which may present methodological challenges for future research. Finally, CVCs composed of earlier-acquired sounds differed significantly in probability and density from those composed of later-acquired sounds, although this effect was relatively small and is less likely to present significant methodological challenges to future studies. 相似文献
148.
Sharing memories in conversations with close others is posited to be part of the social function of autobiographical memory. The present research focused on the sharing of a particular type of memory: Specific memories about one-time co-experienced events, which we termed Specific We memories. Two studies with 595 total participants examined the factors that lead to and/or are influenced by the sharing of Specific We memories. In Study 1, participants reported on their most recent conversation. Specific We memories were reportedly discussed most often in conversations with others who were close and with whom the participant had frequent communication. In Study 2, participants were randomly assigned either to increase or to simply record the frequency of communication with a close other (parent). Increases in the frequency of reported sharing of Specific We memories as well as closeness to the parent resulted. Mediation analyses of both studies revealed causal relationships among reported sharing of Specific We memories and closeness. We discuss the relevance of these results for understanding the social function of autobiographical memory. 相似文献
149.
Anat BarNir Warren E. Watson Holly M. Hutchins 《Journal of applied social psychology》2011,41(2):270-297
This paper addresses the effects of role models and self‐efficacy on forming career intentions, and whether the effects vary by gender and process. Focusing on entrepreneurship as a career choice, we explored (a) the effect of exposure to entrepreneurial role models on entrepreneurial career intention; (b) the difference in effects between men and women; and (c) the mediating functionality of self‐efficacy. Results indicate that role models have a significant and positive impact on intention, that gender moderated the effects, and that self‐efficacy mediated it. A moderated mediation relationship was observed such that, for women, role models had stronger influence on self‐efficacy, which, in turn, influenced entrepreneurial career intention. Results are discussed in terms of implications for theory and practice. 相似文献
150.
Hyein Chang Sheryl L. Olson Arnold J. Sameroff Holly R. Sexton 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(1):71-81
An explanatory model for children’s development of disruptive behavior across the transition from preschool to school was
tested. It was hypothesized that child effortful control would mediate the effects of parenting on children’s externalizing
behavior and that child sex would moderate these relations. Participants were 241 children (123 boys) and their parents and
teachers. Three dimensions of parenting, warm responsiveness, induction, and corporal punishment, were assessed via maternal
report when children were 3 years old. Child effortful control at age 3 was measured using laboratory tasks and a mother-report
questionnaire. Mothers and teachers contributed ratings of child externalizing behavior at age 6. Results showed that the
hypothesized model fit the data well and that the pattern of associations between constructs differed for boys and girls.
For boys, parental warm responsiveness and corporal punishment had significant indirect effects on children’s externalizing
behavior three years later, mediated by child effortful control. Such relations were not observed for girls. These findings
support a sex-differentiated pathway to externalizing behavior across the transition from preschool to school. 相似文献