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91.
The question of sex differences in problem solving is discussed and some findings reported. Female subjects did as well as males on practical construction problems presented in writing. No sex difference was found on a 'function-naming' test, but female subjects were found to be superior when the task was to list replacements for missing implements. 相似文献
92.
The present paper describes two related methods of evaluating items for purposes of test construction intended to yield measures of Q -factor isolates. The principle procedure is based on the use of correlations between the items and the Q -factor loadings. Empirical studies are cited demonstrating the internal consistency and factorial stability of the constructed tests. Evidence of 'qualitative similarity' between the tests and their Q -factor equivalents is also provided. 相似文献
93.
J. W. Holley 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1964,5(1):143-148
The relationship between Q and R factor loadings is presented, using the Guilford index of G. The transition is offered as a rationale for the use of the two factor methods in a coordinated manner. An illustrative example is presented, using hypothetical data. Finally a suggested application of the coordinated use of the two systems in the clinical area, properly justified by the rationale of the present paper, is offered. 相似文献
94.
Amina Memon Angela Holley Rebecca Milne Guenter Koehnken Ray Bull 《Applied cognitive psychology》1994,8(7):641-659
The effectiveness of the cognitive interview (CI) technique has been demonstrated in experimental studies of eyewitness memory conducted in the USA, Germany, and the UK. Much of the research, however, has used college students as interviewers rather than professionals who regularly interview witnesses (e.g. police officers). The aim of this research was to examine the effects of such CI training using experienced police officers with established interviewing styles. An armed robbery was staged and information was elicited in witness interviews. The CI did not significantly increase correct recall but tended to produce more suppositions and errors. A qualitative analysis of interviewer behaviour showed that many officers had difficulty in applying the new cognitive techniques and in avoiding the use of closed and leading questions. The paper addresses two issues: first, that of training experienced police officers who have received relatively little prior training in investigative interviewing, and second, the extent to which we can generalize from the laboratory data elicited in previous studies of CI. 相似文献
95.
Miron Zuckerman Holley S. Hodgins Adam Zuckerman Robert Rosenthal 《Psychological science》1993,4(1):49-52
Abstract— We asked active psychological researchers to answer a survey regarding the following data-analytic issues: (a) the effect of reliability on Type I and Type II errors, (b) the interpretation of interaction, (c) contrast analysis, and (d) the role of power and effect size in successful replications. Our 551 participants (a 60% response rate) answered 59% of the questions correctly; 46% accuracy would be expected according to participants' response preferences alone. Accuracy was higher for respondents with higher academic ranks and for questions with "no" as the right answer. It is suggested that although experienced researchers are able to answer difficult but basic data-analytic questions at better than chance levels, there is also a high degree of misunderstanding of some fundamental issues of data analysis. 相似文献
96.
Stormark KM Heiervang E Heimann M Lundervold A Gillberg C 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(3):411-419
The impact of nonresponse on estimates of mental health problems was examined in a prospective teacher screen in a community
survey of 9,155 7–9 year olds. For 6,611 of the children, parents consented to participation in the actual study (Responders),
while for 2,544 children parental consent was not obtained (Nonresponders). The teacher screen involved assessment of a broad
set of symptoms of mental health problems and functional impairment. Calculations of non-response coefficients, a function
of effect sizes and non-response proportion, revealed only ignorable nonresponse bias for both mean scores and correlations.
However, the results from binary logistic regressions revealed that children ascribed signs of mental health problems by their
teachers were less likely to participate. This was most frequent among children with only moderate symptoms. However, it also
involved children with high symptom scores related to inattention, hyperactivity, emotions and peer relationship problems.
These findings suggest that measures based on effect size can underestimate the magnitude of non-response bias and that a
logistic regression approach may be more appropriate for studies geared at estimating prevalence of mental health problems
in children.
The study was financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council, The Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs,
Western Norwegian Regional Health Authority, the L. Meltzer legacy for the University of Bergen, and the City of Bergen. 相似文献
97.
Holley DE 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2007,61(4):309-318
Surrender is one of the most fundamental, important aspects of spirituality and of integration. It is crucial to our relationship to God, to self, and to others. While surrender is essential for any real attempt at authenticity and integration, it is also one of the most challenging aspects of any spiritual pursuit or endeavor. The inability or unwillingness to surrender is a serious impediment to our relationship with God, with others, and even with ourselves. Paradoxically, there is great freedom and an increased sense of control that is experienced when one is able to surrender. This article explores two themes that the author believes are involved in surrender: fear and trust. Clinical as well as personal examples of the paradoxical nature and transformational power of surrender are offered. 相似文献
98.
Wilberg T Karterud S Pedersen G Urnes O Irion T Brabrand J Haavaldsen G Leirvåg H Johnsen K Andreasen H Hedmark H Stubbhaug B 《Journal of personality disorders》2003,17(6):510-521
This prospective, naturalistic study evaluated the practice and effectiveness of an outpatient group therapy program following day treatment for patients with personality disorders (PDs). One hundred and eighty-seven patients (86% patients with PDs and 14% with no PDs), were treated in outpatient psychodynamic group therapy. Outcome was assessed by Global Assessment of Functioning, Symptom Check List 90-R, and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex, short version, at admission and discharge from day treatment, and at the end of outpatient group therapy. Average length of outpatient therapy was 24 months. Forty-three percent terminated in an irregular manner. Outcome of the continuation therapy was satisfactory for patients without PDs. For PD patients, the improvement from the day treatment was maintained during outpatient therapy, but further improvements were modest for symptoms and interpersonal distress, somewhat better for global functioning. Implications for further treatment development are discussed. 相似文献
99.
Since the World Council of Churches (WCC) was founded in 1948 both diakonia and diaconate have been on the agenda of the organisation. As time has passed the understanding of these concepts has changed, and the theological importance given to them has varied due to external and internal factors. In this article I shall describe this development. My basic hypothesis is that the reflection on diakonia and diaconate has followed two separate tracks, the first considering diakonia as inter-church aid in contexts of human need, while the entry point of the second has been the ecumenical perception of the Church's ministry and within it a possible renewal of the diaconate. It is my hypothesis that these two tracks to a large degree have not been interrelated, but have mainly been isolated from each other. In my opinion this has limited the reflection on both concepts, and consequently both have lost momentum in ecumenical theology. 相似文献
100.
Palomares M Smith PR Pitts CH 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2012,65(6):1185-1194
Precise enumeration is associated with small numerosities within the subitizing range (<4 items), while approximate enumeration is associated with large numerosities (>4 items). To date, there is still debate on whether a single continuous process or dual mutually exclusive processes mediate enumeration of small and large numerosities. Here, we evaluated a compromise between these two notions: that the precise representation of number is limited to small numerosities, but that the approximate representation of numerosity spans across both small and large numerosities. We assessed the independence of precise and approximate enumeration by looking at how luminance contrast affected enumeration of elements that differ by ones (1-8) or by tens (10-80). We found that enumeration functions of ones and tens have different characteristics, which is consistent with the presence of two number systems. Subitizing was preserved for small numerosities. However, simply decreasing element visibility changed the variability signatures of small numerosities to match those of large numerosities. Together, our results suggest that small numerosities are mediated by both precise and approximate representations of numerosity. 相似文献