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71.
A modal view of the semantics of theoretical sentences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Holger Andreas 《Synthese》2010,174(3):367-383
In this paper, a new account of empirical claims in structuralism is developed. Its novelty derives from the use that is made
of the linguistic approach to scientific theories despite the presumed incompatibility of structuralism with that approach.
It is shown how the linguistic approach can be applied to the framework of structuralism if the semantic foundations of that
approach are refined to do justice to the doctrine of indirect interpretation of theoretical terms. This doctrine goes back
to Carnap but has been advanced until the present day without a proper semantic explanation. 相似文献
72.
Mentalization is the fundamental human capacity to relate to each other as minded beings. We mentalize when we are aware of mental states in others or ourselves as persons with feelings, wishes and beliefs. That is what makes the behavior of other people meaningful to us. Fonagy and colleagues based their mentalization concept on the attachment theory and on hypotheses about the development of the self. Mentalization-based treatment relies on this concept and has been manualized and evaluated for the treatment of borderline personality disorders. Psychotherapy research supports this to some extent. The authors claim that all psychotherapeutic treatment will benefit from the understanding of mentalization and its practical applications (Allen et al. 2008). Although the concept of mentalization is not new, the integration of different theories with empirically informed knowledge into a coherent concept is new. 相似文献
73.
74.
Holger Zaborowski 《Modern Theology》2019,35(1):43-54
This essay examines the early thought of Romano Guardini (1886‐1968). It focuses on his magisterial book The Spirit of the Liturgy and discusses its genesis, its historical, biographical, and intellectual context, and its theological and philosophical significance. In so doing, it shows how Guardini reacted to World War I and the cataclysm of his time in turning to the church and its liturgical life in order to provide a source of meaning to a disoriented generation. 相似文献
75.
Holger Andreas 《Erkenntnis》2008,69(3):315-333
In this paper, a solution to the problem of theoretical terms is developed that is based on Carnap’s doctrine of indirect
interpretation of theoretical terms. This doctrine will be given a semantic, model-theoretic explanation that is not given
by Carnap himself as he remains content with a syntactic explanation. From that semantic explanation, rules for the truth-value
assignment to postulates, i.e. sentences that determine the meaning of theoretical terms, are derived. The logical status
of postulates will be clarified thereby in such a way that the problem of theoretical terms disappears.
相似文献
Holger AndreasEmail: |
76.
Holger Lyre 《国际科学哲学研究》2008,22(2):119-133
This paper explores the argument structure of the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the electroweak gauge theory of the Standard Model: the so‐called Higgs mechanism. As commonly understood, the Higgs argument is designed to introduce the masses of the gauge bosons by a spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry of an additional field, the Higgs field. The technical derivation of the Higgs mechanism, however, consists in a mere reshuffling of degrees of freedom by transforming the Higgs Lagrangian in a gauge‐invariant manner. This already raises serious doubts about the adequacy of the entire manoeuvre. It will be shown that no straightforward ontic interpretation of the Higgs mechanism is tenable, since gauge transformations possess no real instantiations. In addition, the explanatory value of the Higgs argument will be critically examined. 相似文献
77.
Harris (2006) recently proposed a new elemental model of the processes involved in associative learning. Although Harris explicated all relevant mathematical and conceptual details of the model in his article, implementing a computer simulation of his model requires considerable programming expertise and work. We therefore present the Harris model simulator (HMS), a MATLAB simulator of Harris's model. HMS provides a graphical user interface for manipulating all essential parameter values and for controlling the simulation process, the graphical visualization of the simulation course, and the numerical results. HMS is available free of charge from www.staff.uni-marburg.de/(tilde)lachnit/harris/. HMS allows researchers to easily derive and evaluate predictions for the Harris model, and it will therefore facilitate insights into the mechanisms of associative learning. 相似文献
78.
Jan Hofer Holger Busch Iva Poláčková Šolcová Peter Tavel 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2017,18(2):389-407
Reminiscence has various functions, not all of which are beneficial for well-being. In particular, self-negative reminiscence functions—boredom reduction, bitterness revival, and intimacy maintenance—have been shown to be associated with reduced well-being. The present paper examines the link between self-negative reminiscence functions and depression in three cultural contexts. We hypothesize that both variables are indirectly linked via satisfaction of basic psychological needs: Self-negative reminiscing is associated with an impairment of need satisfaction which in turn relates to enhanced depressive symptoms. This hypothesis is tested in elderlies from Cameroon, the Czech Republic, and Germany. A total of 637 elderly participants reported on self-negative reminiscing, need satisfaction, and depressive symptoms. Analyses indicate that for boredom reduction and bitterness revival an indirect effect on depression via decreased need satisfaction can be established in all cultural contexts. For intimacy maintenance, a different picture emerges in that in the Czech and the German sample, there was a direct effect on depression but not an indirect one via need satisfaction. Yet, among Cameroonian participants an indirect effect was found, demonstrating that intimacy maintenance was related to decreased depression via enhanced need satisfaction. These results suggest that reminiscence functions may have partly universal, partly culture-specific effects on well-being. 相似文献
79.
Catherine A. Haden Peter A. Ornstein Holger B. Elischberger Margaret J. Burchinal 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2011,108(1):44-60
A multitask battery tapping nonverbal memory and language skills was used to assess 60 children at 18, 24, and 30 months of age. Analyses focused on the degree to which language, working memory, and deliberate memory skills were linked concurrently to children’s Elicited Imitation task performance and whether the patterns of association varied across the different ages. Language ability emerged as a predictor of immediate Elicited Imitation performance by 24 months of age and predicted delayed performance at each age. In addition to the contributions of language, children’s abilities to search for and retrieve toys in the deliberate memory task were associated with their immediate Elicited Imitation performance at each age. In addition to language, working memory was positively associated with aspects of both immediate and delayed performance at all ages. The extent to which it was possible to replicate and extend previous cross-sectional work in this longitudinal study is discussed. 相似文献
80.
Holger Andreas 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2011,42(1):17-31
This paper is concerned with connections between scientific and metaphysical realism. It is not difficult to show that scientific
realism, as expounded by Psillos (1999) clearly qualifies as a kind of metaphysical realism in the sense of Putnam (1980). The statement of scientific realism therefore must not only deal with underdetermination and the dynamics of scientific
theories but also answer the semantic challenges to metaphysical realism. As will be argued, the common core of these challenges
is the proposition that a (metaphysical) realist semantics leads to semantic agnosticism in the sense that we are unable to
grasp the proper meanings and referents of our linguistic expressions. Having established this, I will focus more specifically
on the question of whether scientific realism—in its state-of-the-art account—has the resources to make reference to scientific
concepts intelligible such that the semantic challenges can be answered. 相似文献