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201.
Negative self-focused cognitions mediate the effect of trait social anxiety on state anxiety 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The cognitive model of social anxiety predicts that negative self-focused cognitions increase anxiety when anticipating social threat. To test this prediction, 36 individuals were asked to anticipate and perform a public-speaking task. During anticipation, negative self-focused cognitions or relaxation were experimentally induced while self-reported anxiety, autonomic arousal (heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductance level), and acoustic eye-blink startle response were assessed. As predicted, negative self-focused cognitions mediated the effects of trait social anxiety on self-reported anxiety and heart rate variability during negative anticipation. Furthermore, trait social anxiety predicted increased startle amplitudes. These findings support a central assumption of the cognitive model of social anxiety. 相似文献
202.
Vloet TD Konrad K Huebner T Herpertz S Herpertz-Dahlmann B 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2008,26(1):99-111
BACKGROUND: The developmental course of children with conduct disorder (CD) is heterogeneous. Especially children who exhibit symptoms early in their lifetimes are characterized by a negative outcome. Neurobiological aspects of CD have been investigated in these children but little is known about structural and functional brain aberrations. METHODS: We describe the developmental taxonomy of children with CD and focus on those with the early onset subtype. Structural MRI data of these children and antisocial adults are recapitulated. The impact of investigating neurobiological underpinnings of antisocial behavior and how this might contribute to future forensic and psychiatric assessments is discussed. RESULTS/ CONCLUSION: Children display similar structural aberrations of fronto-limbic structures to adults with antisocial behavior, and amygdala dysfunction might be closely related to dysregulated emotions. Though the investigation of biological factors in antisocial subjects has made great progress in recent years, today MRI is still a rather complex, expensive and indistinct method for forensic assessment. 相似文献
203.
204.
Angstst?rungen z?hlen zu den h?ufigsten psychischen St?rungen in der Allgemeinbev?lkerung. Die Lebenszeitpr?valenz liegt insgesamt
bei 24,9 Prozent, und somit z?hlen sie zusammen mit den affektiven St?rungen zu den h?ufigsten Erkrankungen auf dem Gebiet
der Psychiatrie und stellen auch in vielen anderen medizinischen Disziplinen, z. B. der inneren Medizin, einen klinisch bedeutsamen
Faktor dar. 相似文献
205.
U. Schöflinger 《Psychopraxis》2008,11(6):31-33
Aggression und Gewalt bei Jugendlichen stilisieren sich zum Sinnbild für unsere „kranke Gesellschaft“. Was sich bei jüngeren
Jugendlichen noch – oft als Lausbuben-Verhalten bagatellisiertes – Herumschubsen und Rangeln im Pausenhof ?u?ert, tritt in
Form von Bullying und Mobbing immer st?rker zutage. Jugendliche, die trinken, stehlen, Drogen zu sich nehmen, Mitschüler oder
Gruppenmitglieder bedrohen und Gegenst?nde ?ffentlichen Gutes besch?digen etc., stehen auf der Tagesordnung. Selbst Erpressung
von Mitschülern ist kein Einzeldelikt mehr. 相似文献
206.
Guido Van Steendam Guido Van Steendam András Dinnyés Jacques Mallet Rolando Meloni Carlos Romeo Casabona Jorge Guerra González Josef Kuře Eörs Szathmáry Jan Vorstenbosch Péter Molnár David Edbrooke Judit Sándor Ferenc Oberfrank Ron Cole-Turner István Hargittai Beate Littig Miltos Ladikas Emilio Mordini Hans E. Roosendaal Maurizio Salvi Balázs Gulyás Diana Malpede 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(3):415-420
207.
In the explicit cuing version of the task-switching paradigm, each individual task is indicated by a unique task cue. Consequently,
a task switch is accompanied by a cue switch. Recently, it has been proposed that priming of cue encoding contributes to the
empirically observed switch costs. This proposal was experimentally supported by using a 2:1 mapping of cues to tasks, so
that a cue switch does not necessarily imply a task switch. The results indeed suggested a substantial contribution of “cue-switch
costs” to task-switch costs. Here we argue that the 2:1 mapping potentially leads to an underestimation of “pure” task-switch
costs. To support this argument, we report the results of a new study in which we used “transition cues” that indicate the
identity of the current task based on the identity of the preceding task. This new type of cue allows a full factorial manipulation
of cue switches and task switches because it includes the condition in which a cue repetition can also indicate a task switch
(i.e., when the “switch” cue is repeated). We discuss the methodological implications and argue that the present approach
has merits relative to the previously used 2:1 mapping of cues to tasks. 相似文献
208.
Prof. Dr. Dr. Dipl.-Ing. B. Widder R. Dertwinkel U.T. Egle K. Foerster M. Schiltenwolf 《Psychotherapeut》2007,52(5):334-346
The present guidelines for expert testimony have been elaborated for the first time in 2004 by medico-legal representatives from several German professional academic societies (neurology, orthopedic surgery, psychiatry, psychosomatic medicine, psychotherapy). Their aim is to standardize the course and the content of expert testimony in subjects, who complain about chronic pain as the leading symptom for seeking pension or other compensation. In 2006, the guidelines have been revised and completed by adding detailed data about classification and prognosis of chronic pain, about causality questions, and about estimation of functional impairment in different legal areas. 相似文献
209.
Prof. Dr. Ulrich T. Egle Claus Derra Beate Gruner Bernd Kappis Volker Köllner Eilard Maatz Matthias Schoof Ulrich Schubert Rainer Schwab 《Psychotherapeut》2007,52(6):436-442
Interdisciplinary guidelines allowed for new quality standards in pain appraisal. Simultaneously, the scientific notion of fibromyalgia changed from a subjectively overvalued malaise to a central disturbance of coping with stress, which is neurobiologically determined. Therefore, in this article a psychosomatics-based guide is given for the socio-medical appraisal of fibromyalgia with reference to the new International Classification for Functioning and Disability (ICF) of the World Health Organization (WHO). As illustration a case study is presented. 相似文献
210.
This study examined significant others' expressed emotion (EE) and a closely related construct, perceived criticism, as predictors of cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in a sample of 40 patients with social phobia (social anxiety disorder). Patients enrolled in group therapy for social phobia completed pre- and post-treatment questionnaire measures of perceived criticism and anxious and depressive symptoms. Designated significant others were assessed for the components of high EE (criticism, hostility and emotional overinvolvement) using the Camberwell Family Interview. It was hypothesized that these high-EE components and patients' perceived criticism would be associated with poorer treatment outcome, and results ran counter to these expectations. Controlling for initial social phobia severity, lower levels of perceived criticism predicted treatment dropout. There was also a nonsignificant trend for participants with a significant other rated as high in emotional overinvolvement to show less change on a composite symptom measure. Findings from this study suggest that close relationships impact the outcome of cognitive-behavioral interventions for social phobia. 相似文献