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881.
882.
Abstract— Does group discussion and deliberation on one issue or task influence the members' decisions or opinions on other issues? In contrast to past research looking solely at changes in responses to the same item discussed by the group, this study examined whether group interaction results in members changing the way they make judgments on related items in the future. The results show that group discussion and consensus on one set of judgments led to a significant convergence of judgmental strategies that extended to a related (but different) set of judgments the members made later as individuals. 相似文献
883.
F. Suzanne Talbert Peggy J. Wagner Lorraine C. Braswell Sakina Husein 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1995,2(2):133-148
The psychological stress reactions of 44 family medicine patients who were treated in the emergency room were examined approximately a year after the event. Patients were assessed on several psychological measures, including one for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and on their perception of how stressful the event was initially and now. Results show continuing stress reactions related to the emergency room event. Three patients endorsed symptoms indicating full PTSD and 13 appeared to have at least partial PTSD. Age appeared to be a factor in the presence of stress symptoms and in degree of perceived communication with the physician. 相似文献
884.
885.
Parenting a child with ADHD can challenge parenting resources and coping. Increasingly, researchers are examining the relationship between the behavior of the child with ADHD and family functioning. While studies have shown inceased parenting stress in parents of children with ADHD, these studies have compared children with ADHD to non-disabled children. This study compares reports of parenting stress among mothers of children with ADHD, mothers of children with learning disabilities and mothers of non-referred children. Results showed that parenting stress was highest for mothers of children with ADHD. Increased parenting stress was associated with child characteristics and, in particular, with externalizing behavior problems. 相似文献
886.
887.
Various complexities that arise in the application of legal and/or clinical criteria to the actual assessment of competence/capacity are discussed, and a particular way of understanding the nature of such criteria is recommended. 相似文献
888.
Gibson (1966, 1979) suggested that an important property of perception is that the observer is active. Two experiments were conducted to examine the benefits of active observation in determining dynamic spatial orientation. Subjects were presented with displays simulating locomotion through a three-dimensional environment. Active observers continuously controlled locomotion, whereas passive observers viewed the display. During the trial, the display was blacked out for a brief period, followed by a static image that was at either the correct or the incorrect orientation following the blackout. Subjects were required to indicate whether they were positioned at the correct extrapolated orientation. The presence or absence of orientation change, the type of change (changes in rotation about the depth axis [roll], horizontal axis [pitch], or forward translation), the duration of the blackout, and the consistency of change were varied. In addition, the experiments used either a compensatory or a pursuit tracking task. Active observers had greater sensitivity than did passive observers in detecting a change for both tracking tasks. Subjects in both experiments exhibited greater sensitivity in detecting inconsistent changes (relative to consistent changes), suggesting that the dynamics specified by optical flow were incorporated in extrapolated orientation. In addition, sensitivity decreased with an increase in blackout duration. The results are discussed in terms of an extrapolation model of perception that incorporates the responses executed by active observers. 相似文献
889.
Richard A. Tyrrell Ph.D. Julian F. Thayer Bruce H. Friedman Herschel W. Leibowitz Ellie L. Francis 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1995,30(1):46-67
Although the eyes and the heart serve very different purposes, each receives autonomic innervation. Capitalizing on recent
theoretical and technological innovations in the understanding and assessment of oculomotor and cardiovascular behavior, three
experiments measured behavioral covariation between the oculomotor and cardiovascular systems. Measures of dark focus and
dark vergence indexed oculomotor tone, and the spectral decomposition of variations in heart rate indexed cardiovascular control
mechanisms. In Experiment 1, individual differences in cardiovascular parameters could predict individuals’ dark vergence
(R2=.806) but not their dark focus (R2=.404). In Experiment 2, the same parameters were measured from subjects who experience either panic attacks (n=11) or blood phobia (n=9). Heart rate was positively correlated with dark vergence and the two subject groups were separable based on both oculomotor
and cardiovascular variables. Using a within-subjects approach, Experiment 3 found that both dark vergence and dark focus
tended to be nearer during sympathetic dominance of the heart than during parasympathetic dominance, within-subjects variations
in cardiovascular parameters could predict dark focus, and between-subjects variations in interbeat intervals could predict
dark vergence. Shared patterns of autonomic activation may be responsible for this eye-heart link. 相似文献
890.
Mark A. Lumley Willfried Schramm Cynthia S. Pomerleau Ovide F. Pomerleau Richard H. Smith 《Behavior research methods》1995,27(4):470-475
Cortisol can be used to indicate stress level as well as to monitor certain disease states. Although cortisol can be sampled from blood and urine, saliva sampling has decided advantages. Unfortunately, whole saliva contains a number of substances that can metabolize or bind with cortisol, potentially confounding analysis and quantitation. We introduce a semipermeable pouch that accumulates a contaminant-free salivary ultrafiltrate, thereby overcoming a number of the problems encountered with whole saliva. In three studies, we demonstrate accuracy and utility of the device for cortisol determination: (1) in an artificial medium, 60%–77% of the cortisol was recovered in the ultrafiltrate; (2) in vivo, ultrafiltrate cortisol correlated highly with whole-saliva cortisol collected under ideal conditions; and (3) ultrafiltrate cortisol evinced positive relationships with depression and cigarette use, consistent with studies in the literature. We conclude that this device and saliva-filtering technologies in general are useful in applications requiring quantitation of cortisol. 相似文献