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Roodenrys S Hulme C Lethbridge A Hinton M Nimmo LM 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2002,28(6):1019-1034
Immediate memory span and maximal articulation rate were assessed for word sets differing in frequency, word-neighborhood size, and average word-neighborhood frequency. Memory span was greater for high- than low-frequency words, greater for words from large than small phonological neighborhoods, and greater for words from high- than low-frequency phonological neighborhoods. Maximal articulation rate was also facilitated by word frequency, phonological-neighborhood size, and neighborhood frequency. In a final study all 3 lexical variables were found to influence the recall outcome for individual words. These effects of phonological-word neighborhood on memory performance suggest that phonological information in long-term memory plays an active role in recall in short-term-memory tasks, and they present a challenge to current theories of short-term memory. 相似文献
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Lorraine C. Taylor M.A. Ivora D. Hinton Ph.D. Melvin N. Wilson Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1995,4(3):293-302
We investigated the relationship between parental influences and academic outcomes for African-American students. Secondary data analysis was conducted on the National Survey of Family and Household data set. Multiple regression analysis showed that parenting style (nurture and control) and parental involvement significantly predicted academic outcomes. Research has traditionally focused on the reasons for the failure of African-American students to succeed in school. This study focused on factors that determine success. The problem of negative school outcomes may be alleviated by studying what works to promote school success rather than what does not work for African-American students. 相似文献
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Melvin N. Wilson Timothy F. J. Tolson Ivora D. Hinton Michael Kiernan 《Sex roles》1990,22(7-8):409-425
With the increasing number of Black mothers participating in the labor force, rearing children without fathers present, and relying on extended family for support the question of the nature of role-flexibility and sharing in the family is raised. Sixty-four families participated in an examination of the relative influence of one- and two-parent Black families and the proximity of the grandmother on self-report measures of (a) household maintenance duties, (b) childcare duties, and (c) parental punishment behaviors. Parents, grandmothers, and at least one child between the ages of 7 and 14 years completed three types of self-report measures. Although the results indicated that mothers, fathers, and grandmothers were nominated as consistently participating in childcare and household maintenance duties, mothers were nominated for more than 60% of the childcare and household tasks. Moreover mothers and not fathers used the full range of discipline practices including corporal punishment. The hypothesis regarding role-sharing in Black household was not supported. Black mothers, like mothers in general, are primarily responsible for the maintenance of the house and the care of children.The preparation of this review was supported by Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies, National Science Foundation Grant PRM-8210411, Rockefeller and Spencer Foundations grants. 相似文献
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Dzenana Kartal Hussain-Abdulah Arjmand Tracey Varker Sean Cowlishaw Meaghan O'Donnell Andrea Phelps Alexandra Howard Malcolm Hopwood Alexander McFarlane Richard A. Bryant David Forbes John Cooper Mark Hinton 《Behavior Therapy》2021,52(4):982-994
Insomnia is a risk factor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) while it is also plausible that PTSD symptoms can maintain insomnia symptoms. The present study examined longitudinal bidirectional relationships between insomnia and PTSD symptoms in treatment-seeking veterans. Participants were 693 ex-serving members of the Australian Defence Force who participated in an accredited, hospital-based outpatient PTSD program. Participants completed self-reported assessments of PTSD and insomnia symptoms at four time points: intake, discharge, 3-month, and 9-months posttreatment follow-up.Cross-lagged pathway analyses indicated significant bi-directional pathways between insomnia symptoms and PTSD symptoms at most time points. A final cross-lagged model between insomnia symptoms and the PTSD symptom clusters indicated that the PTSD symptom paths on insomnia symptoms, between intake and discharge, were attributable to reexperiencing PTSD symptoms. In contrast, across posttreatment follow-up time points there were significant paths of insomnia symptoms on all PTSD symptom clusters except from insomnia at 3-months to avoidance symptom at 9-months. PTSD symptoms and insomnia symptoms have bidirectional associations over time that may lead to the mutual maintenance or exacerbation of each condition following PTSD treatment. Where residual insomnia symptoms are present post-treatment, a sleep-focussed intervention is indicated and a sequenced approach to treatment recommended. 相似文献
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A Distributed Connectionist Production System 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
DCPS is a connectionist production system interpreter that uses distributed representations. As a connectionist model it consists of many simple, richly interconnected neuron-like computing units that cooperate to solve problems in parallel. One motivation for constructing DCPS was to demonstrate that connectionist models are capable of representing and using explicit rules. A second motivation was to show how "coarse coding" or "distributed representations" can be used to construct a working memory that requires far fewer units than the number of different facts that can potentially be stored. The simulation we present is intended as a detailed demonstration of the feasibility of certain ideas and should not be viewed as a full implementation of production systems. Our current model only has a few of the many interesting emergent properties that we eventually hope to demonstrate: It is damage-resistant, it performs matching and variable binding by massively parallel constraint satisfaction, and the capacity of its working memory is dependent on the similarity of the items being stored. 相似文献
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