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661.
Jean Carletta Robin L. Hill Craig Nicol Tim Taylor Jan Peter de Ruiter Ellen Gurman Bard 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(1):254-265
Eyetracking facilities are typically restricted to monitoring a single person viewing static images or prerecorded video.
In the present article, we describe a system that makes it possible to study visual attention in coordination with other activity
during joint action. The software links two eyetracking systems in parallel and provides an on-screen task. By locating eye
movements against dynamic screen regions, it permits automatic tracking of moving on-screen objects. Using existing SR technology,
the system can also cross-project each participant’s eyetrack and mouse location onto the other’s on-screen work space. Keeping
a complete record of eyetrack and on-screen events in the same format as subsequent human coding, the system permits the analysis
of multiple modalities. The software offers new approaches to spontaneous multimodal communication: joint action and joint
attention. These capacities are demonstrated using an experimental paradigm for cooperative on-screen assembly of a two-dimensional
model. The software is available under an open source license. 相似文献
662.
Physicians, nurses, and other clinicians readily acknowledge being troubled by encounters with patients who trigger moral
judgments. For decades social scientists have noted that moral judgment of patients is pervasive, occurring not only in egregious
and criminal cases but also in everyday situations in which appraisals of patients' social worth and culpability are routine.
There is scant literature, however, on the actual prevalence and dynamics of moral judgment in healthcare. The indirect evidence
available suggests that moral appraisals function via a complex calculus that reflects variation in patient characteristics,
clinician characteristics, task, and organizational factors. The full impact of moral judgment on healthcare relationships,
patient outcomes, and clinicians' own well-being is yet unknown. The paucity of attention to moral judgment, despite its significance
for patient-centered care, communication, empathy, professionalism, healthcare education, stereotyping, and outcome disparities,
represents a blind spot that merits explanation and repair. New methodologies in social psychology and neuroscience have yielded
models for how moral judgment operates in healthcare and how research in this area should proceed. Clinicians, educators,
and researchers would do well to recognize both the legitimate and illegitimate moral appraisals that are apt to occur in
healthcare settings. 相似文献
663.
664.
665.
Claire A. Hill 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(2):180-185
People have to pay taxes, and usually they do—even though they would rather not. What determines whether and how much they decide to pay depends on more than a cost—benefit calculation. Results from the literature at the intersection of economics and psychology suggest that many factors are relevant, including people’s perceptions of how the money is being spent, and who (else) is being asked to pay taxes. The results also suggest ways in which government may be able to use framing and various biases to influence payment of and attitudes toward tax. But much remains unknown, including, importantly, the extent to which tax incentives influence behavior. 相似文献
666.
Eric D. Hill Adam B. Cohen Heather K. Terrell Craig T. Nagoshi 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2010,49(4):724-739
The study examines the indirect effects of religious fundamentalism on prejudice through cognitive style and fear of invalidity. Undergraduates (n= 199) completed measures of religious fundamentalism, homophobia, modern racism, hostile and benevolent sexism, need for cognition, need for structure, preference for consistency, and fear of invalidity. Need for cognition partially mediated the relationship between religious fundamentalism and both homophobia and benevolent sexism. Preference for consistency partially mediated the relationship between religious fundamentalism and hostile sexism. The indirect effect of religious fundamentalism on modern racism through preference for consistency approached statistical significance. The interaction between need for structure and fear of invalidity partially mediated the relationship between religious fundamentalism and both homophobia and hostile sexism, with individuals high in need for structure and low in fear of invalidity having higher religious fundamentalism and prejudice. 相似文献
667.
Brian Hill 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2010,39(2):113-137
In recent years, much work has been dedicated by logicians, computer scientists and economists to understanding awareness,
as its importance for human behaviour becomes evident. Although several logics of awareness have been proposed, little attention
has been explicitly dedicated to change in awareness. However, one of the most crucial aspects of awareness is the changes
it undergoes, which have countless important consequences for knowledge and action. The aim of this paper is to propose a
formal model of awareness change, and to derive from it logics of awareness change. In the first part of the paper, the model
of epistemic states of bounded agents proposed in Hill (Stud Log 89(1):81–109, 2008a) is extended with operations modelling awareness change. In the second part of the paper, it is shown how this model naturally
extends the “standard” logic of awareness to yield a logic of awareness change. 相似文献
668.
Claire Ortiz Hill 《Axiomathes》2010,20(2-3):313-332
In “Function and Concept” and “On Concept and Object”, Frege argued that certain differences between dependent and independent meanings were inviolable and “founded deep in the nature of things” but, in those articles, he was not explicit about the actual consequences of violating such differences. However, since by creating a law that permitted one to pass from a concept to its extension, he himself mixed dependent and independent meanings, we are in a position to study some of the actual consequences of his having done so. To make certain of Frege’s ideas about the inviolability of logical form more tangible, I describe a string of very interrelated consequences that his attempt to transform dependent meanings into independent meanings actually brought in its wake. 相似文献
669.
670.
Austin H. Johnson Ivy Hill Jasmine Beach-Ferrara Baker A. Rogers Andrew Bradford 《International Journal of Transgenderism》2020,21(1):70-78
AbstractBackground: Transgender and non-binary people are more likely to face barriers to healthcare than their cisgender counterparts. The majority of work in this area centers on the experiences of transgender people in northern cities and urban enclaves, yet over 500,000 transgender people live in the U.S. Southeast.Aims: The purpose of this study is to explore barriers to healthcare among transgender people in the U.S. Southeast.Methods: The research team conducted four 120-minute focus groups (eligibility criteria: 18?years or older, self-identify as transgender, live in the U.S. Southeast). Participants completed a demographic questionnaire prior to the start of the focus group. Each focus group explored access to and experiences of receiving basic healthcare as a transgender person in the U.S. Southeast. Established qualitative methods were used to conduct the focus groups and data analysis.Results: Participants (n?=?48) ranged in age from 19 to 65, with the majority identifying as trans women (43.8%) and non-binary (33.3%). The sample was racially diverse: White (50%), Black (37.5%), and Latinx or Multiracial (12.5%). Multiple barriers to care were identified: (1) fear and mistrust of providers; (2) inconsistency in access to healthcare; (3) disrespect from providers; and, (4) mistreatment due to intersecting experiences of gender, race, class, and location.Discussion: Transgender Southerners face barriers to care at the structural, cultural, and interpersonal levels. The study results have implications for researchers, as well as providers, practices, and health care systems throughout the region. 相似文献