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91.
Haynal AE 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2011,71(3):207-216
The paper examines on the one hand the influence of the Berlin Institute in the 1920s on Franz Alexander's training and on his later work, as it was a workshop aiming to test the possibilities of a large utilization of psychoanalytic therapy in an institutional framework. On the other hand, the spirit of experimentation of Sándor Ferenczi and the endeavor to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of psychoanalysis by the use of countertransference and emotional exchange also became important for Alexander. A glimpse of recent researches on Freud's timetable gives background information with possible comparisons between Freud's technique and that of Alexander. 相似文献
92.
Steffgen G König A Pfetsch J Melzer A 《Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking》2011,14(11):643-648
Meta-analyses confirm a negative relationship between aggressive behavior and empathy, that is, the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. Based on theoretical considerations, it was, therefore, hypothesized that a lack of empathic responsiveness may be characteristic for cyberbullies in particular. In the present study, 2.070 students of Luxembourg secondary schools completed an online survey that included a cyberbullying questionnaire(4) and a novel empathy short scale. According to the main hypothesis, analyses of variances indicated that cyberbullies demonstrated less empathic responsiveness than non-cyberbullies. In addition, cyberbullies were also more afraid of becoming victims of cyberbullying. The findings confirm and substantially extend the research on the relationship between empathy and aggressive behavior. From an educational point of view, the present findings suggest that training of empathy skills might be an important tool to decrease cyberbullying. 相似文献
93.
Several subjects with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) show communicative and pragmatic problems. In this study, we suggested that mentalistic comprehension tasks would help us to find a deteriorated pragmatic profile among the population with SLI. To achieve this goal, a group of participants with conventional SLI (n=11) was compared to a group of SLI with more pragmatic problems (n=9) and their respective control group with typically developed language (n=13), of ages between 4 and 7 years. Results revealed that all the groups were able to attribute mental states in tasks where the context was structured. However, the subjects with predominant pragmatic SLI showed poorer performance than those with conventional SLI when tasks were communicative-oriented and they needed to process non-explicit information from the context. These findings suggest that it is possible to isolate a SLI subtype with more pragmatic problems and also that we can use mentalistic tasks to assess these difficulties more accurately. 相似文献
94.
Jelle Demanet Frederick Verbruggen Baptist Liefooghe André Vandierendonck 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(3):387-393
The present study investigated the relative contribution of bottom-up and top-down control to task selection in the voluntary
task-switching (VTS) procedure. In order to manipulate the efficiency of top-down control, a concurrent working memory load
was imposed during VTS. In three experiments, bottom-up factors, such as stimulus repetitions, repetition of irrelevant information,
and stimulus-task associations, were introduced in order to investigate their influence on task selection. We observed that
the tendency to repeat tasks was stronger under load, suggesting that top-down control counteracts the automatic tendency
to repeat tasks. The results also indicated that task selection can be guided by several elements in the environment, but
that only the influence of stimulus repetitions depends on the efficiency of top-down control. The theoretical implications
of these findings are discussed within the interplay between top-down and bottom-up control that underlies the voluntary selection
of tasks. 相似文献
95.
André Laks 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2015,10(2):273
In keeping with a view that is explicitly formulated by Aristotle in his Motion of Animals, general kinetic principles must be specified according to the different types of movable entities existing in the universe. At issue, essentially, are the motions of the stars and the motions of animals. Whereas the cosmological immovable mover is the object of two complementary analyses (in Bk. VIII of Physics and in Chs. 6 and 7 of Bk. XII of Metaphysics), information on the immovability of the first mover responsible for animal motion is to be found in the psychological and psycho-physiological treatises (On the Soul, in Bk. I, Chs. 3 and 4, and in Bk. III, Ch. 10 and in Ch. 6 of the Motion of Animals). But it is also found in Ch. 7, Bk. XII of the Metaphysics, in the very context of the argument concerning the absolutely first immovable mover of the world. This suggests that the two types of motion, that of the stars and that of animals, however distinct the arguments about them are, rest on a single scheme, and maybe even on a common principle. This is liable to surprise us, as much as stars and animals appear to us to belong to heterogeneous orders of reality. But the situation is different for Aristotle, who, as attentive as he is to differences, tends nonetheless to conceive the stars as living things of a particular kind. This fact is the source of a series of difficulties that Aristotle generously left for his many commentators to solve. Aim of this text, which was initially directed to a larger audience, is to set some of these complex issues in both simple and up to date terms. 相似文献
96.
Vallejo Pareja MA Jordán Cristóbal CM Díaz García MI Comeche Moreno MI Ortega Pardo J Amor Andrés PJ Zubeidat I 《Psicothema》2008,20(4):610-615
Although online psychological services and research based on them are increasing rapidly, it is not that easy to find investigations that focus on the kind of people that demand them. To know their profile could help to improve the online psychological services that are offered to them. For this purpose, we analysed the sociodemographic characteristics of 1052 participants, all of them having posed a psychological question to our online advice service. The relations between sociodemographics and variables related to the psychological consultation are analysed herein. Features such as age distribution, a high proportion of long-term problems, the large quantity of questions from Latin America, or the under representation of the lowest socioeconomic and educational levels could lead to clinical, social and legal implications that we comment on in this work. 相似文献
97.
Liefooghe B Barrouillet P Vandierendonck A Camos V 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2008,34(3):478-494
Although many accounts of task switching emphasize the importance of working memory as a substantial source of the switch cost, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating that task switching actually places additional demands on working memory. The present study addressed this issue by implementing task switching in continuous complex span tasks with strictly controlled time parameters. A series of 4 experiments demonstrate that recall performance decreased as a function of the number of task switches and that the concurrent load of item maintenance had no influence on task switching. These results indicate that task switching induces a cost on working memory functioning. Implications for theories of task switching, working memory, and resource sharing are addressed. 相似文献
98.
Younger and older adults performed an inequality verification task (7+6 < 15, Yes/No?) in a control condition and in a dual-task condition where they simultaneously performed an executive-component task. Arithmetic-problem characteristics were manipulated in order to test strategy selection (i.e., choice of appropriate strategies in order to improve performance) and strategy execution (i.e., performance of the cognitive processes involved in each strategy). Results revealed that strategy selection changes with age: Older adults mainly selected one type of strategies in contrast to younger adults who used several types of strategies. These age-related changes were similar in the control and dual-task conditions. Strategy execution also changed with age, as shown by larger age-related differences on hardest problems. These age-related changes were larger in the dual-task condition, compared to the control condition. This impact of executive components as mediator of age-related changes depended on general age-related slowing. We discuss these findings in order to further understand the effects of age on arithmetic performance. 相似文献
99.
Haye AA 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2008,42(2):157-163
One of the main goals of cognitive science is to shed light on human knowledge. This paper states that, if daily conversations,
literature, and private thought, are proper expressions of human behavior, then cognitive sciences ought to elaborate a concept
of knowledge suited to this kind of activities. I draw upon the notion of discourse in Bakhtin to specify the attributes of
knowing needed to account for human behavior, whose manifestations in everyday life are not reduced to representing objects
but essentially oriented toward responding to others. As a central aspect of knowledge, I focus on intentionality and offer
a discussion about different aspects of it. Specifically, I examine the difference between intentionality as the faculty of
representation (aboutness) and intentionality as the subjective positioning toward contextually relevant ideological perspectives
(meaning).
相似文献
Andrés A. HayeEmail: |
100.