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191.
Sandra L. Horn Gregory J. Meyer Joni L. Mihura 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(4):346-356
This study examines evidence for boundary disturbances in depressive, borderline, and schizophrenic hospitalized inpatients. Certain thought disorder signs on the Rorschach are reconceptualized as indices of boundary formation, which is defined as the capacity to create particular distinctions along women bipolar coordinate of experience where previously no distinction was possible, and which defines each cluster of experience through a maintenance of differential functioning. The borderline group scored significantly high on the indices of laxness and moderately severe inner-outer boundary formation. The schizophrenic group scored significantly higher on indices of self-other and somewhat higher on severe inner-outer boundary disturbance. Schizophrenics may be organized at a level of self-other boundary formation which subsumes inner-outer boundary formation, while the borderline group is organized at a level of inner-outer boundary formation. 相似文献
192.
Quyen Q. Tiet David Huizinga Hilary F. Byrnes 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(3):360-378
Prior studies have suggested that living in high-risk neighborhoods is associated with youths’ maladjustment. Youths who maintained
favorable outcomes, despite being exposed to such neighborhood risks, were considered resilient. Using structural equation
modeling techniques, longitudinal data of 877 youths from the Denver Youth Survey were examined to identify predictors of
resilience, longitudinal interrelations among predictors, and bi-directional relationships between resilience and life context
factors. Resilience was longitudinally predicted by bonding to family and teachers, involvement in extracurricular activities,
lower levels of parental discord, fewer adverse life events, and being less involved with delinquent peers. A positive feedback
loop was found, in which resilience predicted further resilience. Early intervention to strengthen traditional bonding, decrease
involvement with delinquent peers, and reduce the effects of adverse life events and parental discord may be essential in
enhancing functioning of high-risk youths. 相似文献
193.
This paper presents a systematic review of the literature concerning the relationship between alexithymia and self‐harm. Fifteen studies were selected following a systematic search of relevant databases. Results indicate significantly higher levels of alexithymia in women who self‐harm compared with women who do not self‐harm. Studies of men were less conclusive and require further investigation. A subsample of the studies found that childhood abuse and bullying were more likely to be associated with self‐harm if alexithymia was present as a mediator. Other studies found that depression mediated between alexithymia and self‐harm. The results indicate that the poor emotional cognition and expression associated with alexithymia may increase vulnerability to self‐harm, particularly in women. 相似文献
194.
Meysam?Haddadi?BarzokiEmail author Mohhamad?Tavakoll Hilary?Burrage 《Applied research in quality of life》2015,10(1):107-122
This study investigates emotional divorce in marriage in everyday life in Iran from a female perspective. Many studies have been conducted on divorce but there is vacuum in the field of emotional divorce in regard to how it is defined and which research methodologies are most appropriate. This study aims to understand the participant’s construct of emotional divorce as well as its mechanism and causes, using grounded theory to achieve a deep and holistic understanding of the issues. Analytic induction and theoretical saturation were the criteria for selecting 22 women with severe marital dissatisfaction, as subjects for the research. One of the core ideas considered is that emotional divorce increases when formal, legal divorce is difficult to obtain, Findings cover four fields including: (1) social contexts such as patriarchy, the presence of stepfathers, and female passivity; (2) intensifying factors such as men’s sex vs. women’s love and the presence of a rival wife; (3) unequal exchange and (4) the sense of inequality, rational divorce and finally emotional divorce itself. Our research findings show the occurrence of ‘emotional divorce’ often arises from rational calculation. Unequal exchange results in the sense of inequality as the main cause of emotional divorce. 相似文献
195.
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197.
Toon W. Taris Joan E. Van Horn Wilmar B. Schaufeli Paul J.G. Schreurs 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(1):103-122
This study examined the relations among inequity, psychological wellbeing and organizational commitment among a longitudinal sample of 920 Dutch teachers. Equity theory provided hypotheses on the mutual effects of inequity experienced in interpersonal and organizational exchange relationships on the one hand, and strain and psychological withdrawal on the other. Further, we expected that distincing oneself from an inequitable exchange relationship would lead to a more equitable balance between investments in and benefits gained from the corresponding exchange relationships. Covariance structure modelling supported the distinction among three types of exchange relationships, as well as the distinction between different sets of outcome variables associated with these relationships. Inequity was related to the expected negative work outcomes within but not across time points. Withdrawal from an inequitable relationship seemed to increase, rather than to decrease the inequity of particular exchange relationships. 相似文献
198.
People often slow down their ongoing activities when they must remember an intended action, known as the cost or interference effect of prospective memory (PM). Only a few studies have examined adult age differences in PM interference, and the specific reasons underlying such differences are not well understood. The authors used a model-based approach to reveal processes underlying PM interference and age differences in these processes. Older and younger adults first performed a block of an ongoing lexical decision task alone. An embedded event-based PM task was added in a second block. Simultaneously accounting for the changes in response time distributions and error rates induced by the PM task, Ratcliff’s (Psychological Review 85:59–108, 1978) diffusion model was used to decompose the nonlinear combination of speed and accuracy into psychologically meaningful components. Remembering an intention not only reduced processing efficiency in both age groups, but also prolonged peripheral nondecision times and induced response cautiousness. Overall, the findings suggest that there are multiple, but qualitatively similar factors underlying PM task interference in both age groups. 相似文献
199.
Studies of reasoning have often invoked a distinction between a natural or ordinary consideration of the premises, in which they are interpreted, and even distorted, in the light of empirical knowledge, and an analytic or logical consideration of the premises, in which they are analysed in a literal fashion for their logical implications. Two or three years of schooling have been seen as critical for the spontaneous use of analytic reasoning. In two experiments, however, 4-year-olds who were given brief instructions that prompted use of an analytic approach continued to adopt this approach one week later. Thus, when given syllogistic problems in which the major premise was incongruent with their empirical knowledge (e.g. “All snow is black”), instructed children reasoned more accurately from that premise both immediately and a week later as compared to children given only a basic introduction. A third experiment showed that instructions also improved 4-year-olds' performance on hard-to-imagine, abstract material (e.g. “All mib is white”). Similarities between the effects of brief instruction and of schooling are discussed. 相似文献
200.
The author designed, constructed, and demonstrated an apparatus the function of which was to make possible the study of the effects of a stressor animal upon experimental animals. 相似文献