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111.
James C. Bliss Hewitt D. Crane Stephen W. Link 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1966,1(7):195-202
The effect of display movement on the ability of subjects to rec ognize alphabetic shapes tactually was investigated. The display consisted of a computer-controlled 8-by-6 array of small airjet stimulators that could be physically translated in a small circle by means of a mechanical linkage. The experimental parameters were the stimulus duration, the angular velocity of the display, and the amplitude of the rotation. Recognition accuracy increased with stimulus duration between 100 and 400 msec. For a rotation amplitude of 0.8 cm, a maximum in recognition accuracy occurred at a rotation velocity of 400 rpm, or 150 msec. per revolution. The optimum angular velocity appeared to decrease as the amplitude of rotation increased. From these results and certain related neurophysiological evidence, a hypothetical model is suggested which qualitatively can account for the data. 相似文献
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113.
Chantal A. Arpin-Cribbie Jane Irvine Paul Ritvo Robert A. Cribbie Gordon L. Flett Paul L. Hewitt 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2008,26(3):151-167
The present study assessed the effectiveness of a web-based psycho-educational intervention protocol for decreasing levels
of perfectionism and psychological distress. Different levels of therapeutic intervention (no treatment, general stress management
intervention, general stress management intervention plus cognitive behavioral intervention) were provided to perfectionistic
participants over a 10-week period. It was found via a longitudinal structural equation model that higher levels of therapeutic
intervention predicted greater improvements in perfectionism and psychological distress. Further, amount of improvement in
trait perfectionism and perfectionistic automatic thoughts was highly related to amount of improvement in psychological distress.
The findings attest to the potential usefulness of a web-based intervention that combines a general stress management intervention
with a cognitive behavioral intervention. 相似文献
114.
Carlos Roberto de Castro‐Silva W. E. Hewitt Sharon Sabourin Sergio Calixto Elisandra Santos Suzanne Ricard 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2008,18(6):615-629
Non‐governmental organizations (AIDS‐NGO) are an instrument of political pressure and assistance, often serving as a life reconstruction aid for people living with HIV/AIDS. In this case study, we analyze data from historical documents, in‐depth interviews, and questionnaires obtained from participants and community agents in two AIDS‐NGOs: one in Canada (NGO‐Ca), and another in Brazil (NGO‐Br). Despite contextual differences, both NGOs are involved in a fight against stigma and discrimination that may aggravate existing social exclusion. Variances in political participation are nevertheless evident. In NGO‐Ca, efforts are directed towards maintaining and consolidating human and social rights. In NGO‐Br, the primary goal is building these. In NGO‐Ca, the participant is part of a structured organization where he or she receives the required supports; the NGO is thus a service provider. Conversely, in NGO‐Br, the participant is both the actor and author of collectively constructed supportive actions. It is hoped that the lessons learned from this limited case study will assist in the strengthening of AIDS‐NGO organization and activity, particularly in the developing world context. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
115.
Simon B. Sherry Jennifer L. Vriend Paul L. Hewitt Dayna L. Sherry Gordon L. Flett Andrea A. Wardrop 《Body image》2009,6(2):83-89
The present study examined the relationship between a self-presentational style involving an extreme need to conceal perceived imperfections from others and body image disturbance (BID). Findings from both a community and a university sample indicated that nondisplay of imperfection (i.e., concerns over behavioral displays of imperfections to others) predicted BID beyond self-imposed perfectionistic expectations and other contributors to BID. Mediational analyses suggested that dysfunctional appearance schemas represent one possible mechanism through which nondisplay of imperfection influences BID. In contrast to earlier work on perfectionism and BID, which emphasized the role of self-imposed perfectionistic expectations, the current study offers a novel view of the connection between perfectionism and BID. That is, rather than striving to achieve perfection, the present study suggests that individuals with BID are characterized by a strong need to avoid appearing imperfect to others. 相似文献
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118.
Jeanette Hewitt 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2010,31(1):63-77
A diagnosis of schizophrenia is often taken to denote a state of global irrationality within the psychiatric paradigm, wherein
psychotic phenomena are seen to equate with a lack of mental capacity. However, the little research that has been undertaken
on mental capacity in psychiatric patients shows that people with schizophrenia are more likely to experience isolated, rather
than constitutive, irrationality and are therefore not necessarily globally incapacitated. Rational suicide has not been accepted
as a valid choice for people with schizophrenia due in part to a belief that characteristic irrationality prevents autonomous
decision-making. Since people with schizophrenia are often seen to lack insight into the nature of their disorder, both psychiatric
and ethical perspectives generally presume that suicidal acts result directly from mental illness itself and not from second-order
desires. In this article, I challenge notions of global irrationality conferred by a diagnosis of schizophrenia and argue
that, where delusional beliefs are unifocal, schizophrenia does not necessarily lead to a state of mental incapacity. I then
attempt to show that people with schizophrenia can sometimes be rational with regard to suicide, where this decision stems
from a realistic appraisal of psychological suffering. 相似文献
119.
Gordon L. Flett Paul L. Hewitt Kirk R. Blankstein Shawn W. Mosher 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1995,14(2):112-137
The present research tested the hypothesis that perfectionists who experience stress are vulnerable to depression, in part
because negative life events represent a failure to maintain control over negative outcomes. In Study 1, 215 subjects completed
the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) and control measures. The MPS assesses self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially
prescribed perfectionism. It was confirmed that self-oriented and other-oriented perfectionism were associated with both higher
desire for control and greater perceived personal control. Study 2 examined whether trait levels of perfectionism moderate
the link between life stress and symptoms of depression. In addition, prospective analyses investigated whether perfectionism
accounts for changes in levels of depressive symptomatology over time. Two samples comprised of 374 students (Sample 1) and
173 students (Sample 2) completed the MPS and measures of major life stress and depression symptoms. Subjects in Sample 2
completed these measures at two timepoints separated by a three-month interval. Regression analyses indicated that self-oriented
perfectionism and life stress interact significantly to produce higher levels of depressive symptomatology. Moreover, in Sample
2, self-oriented perfectionism at Time 1 was associated with increases in depression symptoms three months later for those
individuals who had experienced a major life event. The results provide support for diathesis-stress models, which maintain
that perfectionists exposed to life stress are vulnerable to symptoms of depression. The results are discussed in terms of
their implications for the study of personality, stress, and vulnerability to symptoms of depression.
This research was supported by grants #410-89-0335, #410-91-8056, and #410-93-1256 from the Social Sciences and Humanities
Research Council of Canada awarded to the authors. 相似文献
120.
Simon Hewitt 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2018,47(5):787-801
An important trend in contemporary metaphysics denies that the structure of natural language is an important datum for investigating fundamental structure. Ted Sider proceeds on this basis to propose a metaphysical semantics for natural language. Within this framework he argues that natural language and a fundamental, ‘jointcarving’, language could be subject to distinct logics. Developing an argument of Hartry Field’s, I show that Sider’s preferred option of fundamental classicality combined with non-fundamental non-classicality trivialises within the framework of Siderian metaphysical semantics. The position can be saved only by revising key claims about truth and metaphysical semantics. This has serious implications for methdology in the metaphysics of logic. 相似文献