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101.
The study investigated whether dynamic information promotes newborns' ability to recognize a face. After being habituated to a face undergoing an ordered sequential head rigid motion (Exp. 1), 1- to 3-day-old newborns fully recognized the familiar face shown in the profile pose, as documented by a preference for the profile pose of a novel face. When familiarized to an ordered sequence of different viewpoint static images of a face (Exp. 2), newborns failed to recognize the profile pose of the familiar face, their visual exploration of the familiar and novel faces being at chance. Habituation to a random head rigid motion (Exp. 3) allowed only a partial recognition of face identity, as newborns preferred the profile pose of the familiar, rather than the novel, face. Rigid head motion is an important source of information for newborns' face recognition, probably aiding the derivation of a three-dimensional face structure. 相似文献
102.
Dr. Christian Laue Prof. Dr. Dieter Hermann 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2008,2(1):70-73
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
103.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
104.
Prof. Dr. Dr. Hermann Faller 《Psychotherapeut》2005,50(4):265-273
Patients with myocardial infarction who suffer from a depression are at increased risk of dying of a subsequent heart attack or some other complication of coronary artery disease (CAD). A considerable body of research has provided evidence that a major depression, which is found in 16 to 23 percent of patients with CAD, but also subliminal depressive symptoms are independent risk factors for an unfavourable outcome of CAD. However, it is not yet clear whether depression is a causal risk factor having impact on the course of the heart disease or merely a prognostic marker that allows predicting the outcomes of interest, without any causal influence on them. Several pathways between depression and CAD have been discussed. These include behavioral mechanisms such as low compliance with both medical treatment and life style recommendations as well as neurobiological links. Much attention has been paid to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical and sympathomedullary hyperactivity found in depression. Other possible links include diminished heart rate variability, stress-induced ischemia, platelet activation, and immunological dysregulation. To resolve the issue whether depression is a causal risk factor or only a prognostic marker, experimental studies are needed to evaluate interventions aimed at improving depression and test whether mortality is subsequently reduced. Such studies brought in the past mixed results. Whereas comprehensive intervention programs including risk factor management have produced a reduction in both coronary morbidity and mortality, a recent multicenter study providing either cognitive-behavioral therapy or usual care to depressed patients with CAD could not demonstrate a survival benefit among the participants of the intervention. Finally, results of evaluation studies regarding integrated disease management programs for patients with comorbid depression are presented. 相似文献
105.
Hewstone M Swart H 《The British journal of social psychology / the British Psychological Society》2011,50(3):374-386
We review 50-odd years of research on Allport's (1954)'contact hypothesis', to assess progress, problems, and prospects. We chart the progress that has been made in understanding two distinct forms of contact: direct and indirect. We highlight the progress made in understanding the effects of each type of contact, as well as both moderating and mediating factors, and emphasize the multiple impacts of direct contact, especially. We then consider some of the main critiques of inter-group contact, focusing on empirical issues and whether contact impedes social change, and provide a research agenda for the coming years. We conclude that this body of work no longer merits the modest title of 'hypothesis', but fully deserves acknowledgement as an integrated and influential theory. 相似文献
106.
Mary A. Hermann Barbara Richter Herlihy 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2006,84(4):414-418
In 2001, a federal appeals court upheld the job termination of a counselor who requested being excused from counseling a lesbian client on relationship issues because homosexuality conflicted with the counselor's religious beliefs (Bruff v. North Mississippi Health Services, Inc., 2001). This article provides the facts of the case and the legal reasoning of the court. The authors also explore the legal and ethical issues related to this case. 相似文献
107.
Heinrich Ren Liesefeld Hermann J. Müller 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2019,110(2):193-206
Visual working memory (VWM) is a core construct in the cognitive (neuro‐)sciences, assumed to serve as a hub for information exchange and thus supporting a multitude of cognitive functions related to processing visual information. Here, we give an introduction into key terms and paradigms and an overview of ongoing debates in the field, to which the articles collected in this Special Issue on ‘Current Directions in Visual Working Memory Research’ contribute. Our aim is to extract, from this overview, some ‘emerging’ theoretical insights concerning questions such as the optimal way to examine VWM, which types of mental representations contribute to performance on VWM tasks, and how VWM keeps features from the same object together and apart from features of concurrently maintained objects (the binding problem). 相似文献
108.
Heinrich Ren Liesefeld Anna M. Liesefeld Hermann J. Müller 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2019,110(2):328-356
Visual working memory (VWM) is a central bottleneck in human information processing. Its capacity is most often measured in terms of how many individual‐item representations VWM can hold (k). In the standard task employed to estimate k, an array of highly discriminable colour patches is maintained and, after a short retention interval, compared to a test display (change detection). Recent research has shown that with more complex, structured displays, change‐detection performance is, in addition to individual‐item representations, supported by ensemble representations formed as a result of spatial subgroupings. Here, by asking participants to additionally localize the change, we reveal indication for an influence of ensemble representations even in the very simple, unstructured displays of the colour‐patch change‐detection task. Critically, pure‐item models from which standard formulae of k are derived do not consider ensemble representations and, therefore, potentially overestimate k. To gauge this overestimation, we develop an item‐plus‐ensemble model of change detection and change localization. Estimates of k from this new model are about 1 item (~30%) lower than the estimates from traditional pure‐item models, even if derived from the same data sets. 相似文献
109.
Austin J. Simpson Anthony D. Hermann Mark J. Lehtman Robert C. Fuller 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2016,35(2):195-206
As levels of narcissism rise among Americans, it is important to understand how being narcissistic affects individuals’ day-to-day lives. One domain in which narcissism may have particularly interesting effects is individuals’ spirituality. When interpersonal expectations have been violated, individuals experience a variety of emotions. Chief among these emotions is guilt, which is linked both thematically and empirically to many aspects of Western religion. Given narcissism’s complex relationship with guilt, it is important to investigate how narcissists may react to failings in the interpersonal domain, particularly in a spiritual context. The current study investigated the effects of a simulated interpersonal failing on narcissists’ interest in a variety of spiritual behaviors, including prayer, seeking spiritual guidance, and participating in spiritual activities aimed at self-enhancement. After reading a scenario designed to induce feelings associated with interpersonal failings, participants reported their interest in a variety of religious activities, including prayer. Results indicated that the manipulation tended to decrease interest in a variety of spiritual activities across the sample, but that these effects were only robust among participants high in narcissism. 相似文献
110.
Behavioral intention is an important predictor of actual behavior. Yet, people often fail to act on their intentions. This study used panel data to examine whether intention interacts with past behavior in determining future behavior. Young people in the Eastern Region of Ghana (N = 956, 495 = female, 461 = male) completed a structured self-administered questionnaire, assessing intentions to use condoms and past condom use behavior at Time 1, and future condom use behavior at Time 2. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that intentions to use condoms and past condom use behavior accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in future condom use behavior. In addition, past condom use moderated the future condom use intention–behavior relationship. These results demonstrate the usefulness of considering young people's past experiences with condoms in informing the design of condom use skills training. In other words, a condom use skills training intervention that uses the pedagogical approach of starting from the “known” to the “unknown” might benefit young Ghanaians. 相似文献