全文获取类型
收费全文 | 383篇 |
免费 | 15篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 38篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 16篇 |
2010年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 14篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 10篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 7篇 |
1966年 | 5篇 |
1965年 | 3篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1956年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有398条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
171.
Previous reports indicate that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) stimulates adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone secretion, suggesting a role for this region in central hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) stress regulation. To evaluate this hypothesis, this study assessed the impact of CeA lesion on the response of hypophysiotrophic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons to acute restraint and chronic unpredictable stress exposure. In contrast to previous reports, CeA lesions did not affect corticosterone or ACTH secretion induced by acute stress. Acute restraint increased PVN corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA expression, increased the number of parvocellular PVN neurons expressing the co-secretagogue arginine vasopressin (AVP), and induced cFOS mRNA expression in the parvocellular PVN. However, there was no additional effect of CeA lesion on any measure of PVN activation. Chronic unpredictable stress exposure induced long-term activation of the HPA axis, noted by thymic involution, adrenal hypertrophy and increased PVN CRH mRNA expression. Stress-induced changes in thymus and adrenal weights were not affected by CeA lesion. Further, CeA lesion rats did not differ from controls in post-stress CRH mRNA expression. However, basal CRH mRNA expression was increased in the PVN of CeA rats, suggesting that the CeA plays a role in long-term inhibition of the PVN. The results of these studies are not consistent with the hypothesis that the CeA is necessary for stress-induced pituitary-adrenocortical activation. Rather, this region may play a stressor-specific modulatory role in regulation of HPA function. 相似文献
172.
Louis Herman 《Human Studies》1997,20(1):75-94
My paper picks up a long ignored suggestion of Sheldon Wolin - that we use Thomas Kuhn's analysis of scientific revolutions to examine the crisis of "normal" political science. This approach allows us to see the connection between the state of the discipline and the larger crisis of meaning afflicting modernity. I then use Eric Voegelin's notion of a multicivilizational "truth quest" - or search for meaning - to make a case for institutionalizing "extraordinary" or "revolutionary" political science. I attempt such a discipline by following Voegelin - reflecting on "the full amplitude of human experience." Such a meditation takes place within the "first reality of existence" - Plato's metaxy or the "in-between" - the experience of human existence between the sacred and the mundane. I bring to Voegelin's exploration of the metaxy the realm of experience which is most radically "other" for modernity - the primal political order of paleolithic and contemporary hunting gathering societies. I argue that shamanic "Urreligion" and Socratic discussion share a boundary crossing logic which provides a basis for a discipline of "extraordinary political science." Finally I suggest that such a discipline is both the quest for, and, in a sense, a realization of, the Good Life - a source of order for the individual and society. 相似文献
173.
174.
Adam C. Bartolomeo Herman Morris Carl A. Boast 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》1997,68(3):333-342
Male Sprague–Dawley rats, preoperatively trained in a 1-h delay non-match-to-position radial maze task, received bilateral stereotaxic injections of a selective cholinotoxin, ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A: 3 nmol/3 μl/lateral ventricle). Animals treated with AF64A made significantly more total postdelay errors than vehicle controls. Sustained delivery, via miniosmotic pumps, of arecoline (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day sc for 14 days) attenuated the AF64A-induced cognitive impairment in a dose-dependent manner, producing an inverted U-shaped dose–response function which was optimal at 1.0 mg/kg/day. Following these studies, choline acetyltransferase activity was significantly reduced in hippocampi extracted from the AF64A-treated rats, indicating successful cholinotoxicity. This paradigm may be useful as a possible screen for potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutic agents. This conclusion is supported by published reports of beneficial arecoline effects observed following 2-week intravenous infusions in patients with Alzheimer's disease (Soncrant, Raffaele, Asthana, Berardi, Morris, & Haxby, 1993). 相似文献
175.
The Institutional Review Board is a committee of the institution responsible for carrying out the institution's responsibilities for the protection of human research subjects. Since it is a local committee, most of the complaints about the IRB can be resolved locally provided it is borne in mind that the IRB is the champion not only of the human research subject but also of the investigator. National or regional cooperative research protocols present problems that are not insurmountable. 相似文献
176.
177.
Mothers of retarded children and nonretarded children were observed and videotaped as they interacted with their own child in a seminaturalistic situation, requiring teaching, cooperation, and free play. The child's social problem-solving abilities were assessed independently. The Vineland scale was employed to provide some convergent evidence of social problem-solving as a component of social competence. Twelve educable mentally retarded and 19 nonretarded 10-year-old children and their mothers comprised the sample. For the mentally retarded group, it was found that the higher maternal directiveness, the lower the child's social problem-solving skills. Mothers who often gave the child opportunity for decision-making and social influence had children with higher problem-solving skills. The retarded children produced significantly fewer different strategies for solving social problems, but gave a wider range of strategies than has been found in previous research. There was some support that social problem-solving skills are related to social maturity. 相似文献
178.
The effects of task-contingent and performance-contingent extrinsic rewards upon subsequent intrinsic motivation are compared. Intrinsic motivation is measured by behavioral observation in a free time period and by rating scales. The results show, as expected, a higher rating of intrinsic motivation in the performance-contingent reward condition. The study further compares strength of intrinsic motivation in one- and two-session conditions. As hypothesized, a two-session condition, in which the subjects have a preexperience with the task without reward administration, leads to a higher rating of intrinsic motivation than a one-session condition without such a preexperience. The behavioral measure of intrinsic motivation is not significantly affected by the conditions. A post hoc analysis of the data indicates that there may be a different effect of extrinsic rewards on behavioral measures and on rating scale measures of intrinsic motivation. 相似文献
179.
Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) comprehend the referential character of the human pointing gesture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Herman LM Abichandani SL Elhajj AN Herman EY Sanchez JL Pack AA 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》1999,113(4):347-364
The authors tested a dolphin's (Tursiops truncatus) understanding of human manual pointing gestures to 3 distal objects located to the left of, to the right of, or behind the dolphin. The human referred to an object through a direct point (Pd), a cross-body point (Px), or a familiar symbolic gesture (S). In Experiment 1, the dolphin responded correctly to 80% of Pds toward laterally placed objects but to only 40% of Pds to the object behind. Responding to objects behind improved to 88% in Experiment 2 after exaggerated pointing was briefly instituted. Spontaneous comprehension of Pxs also was demonstrated. In Experiment 3, the human produced a sequence of 2 Pds, 2 Pxs, 2 Ss, or all 2-way combinations of these 3 to direct the dolphin to take the object referenced second to the object referenced first. Accuracy ranged from 68% to 77% correct (chance = 17%). These results established that the dolphin understood the referential character of the human manual pointing gesture. 相似文献
180.
Memory for action events in the bottlenosed dolphin 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We investigated whether a bottlenosed dolphin’s ability to recall and repeat actions on command would immediately generalize
to actions performed with specified objects. The dolphin was tested on her ability to repeat 18 novel behaviors performed
with potentially interchangeable objects specified using an artificial gestural language. Such “action events” were correctly
repeated at above chance levels, indicating that the dolphin had access to memories of those events. Performance levels were,
however, lower than in previous tests. The dolphin appeared to have difficulty recalling which object an action was performed
with. Previous research has demonstrated that animals can recall features of their environment and features of their actions
independently of one another. The results of this study demonstrate (1) that the dolphin’s concept of repeating extends beyond
simply accessing memories of movement patterns, and (2) that dolphins’ memories of past events incorporate representations
of both self-performed acts and objects, locations, or gestural instructions.
Received:10 October 1998 / Accepted after revision: 22 December 1998 相似文献