全文获取类型
收费全文 | 381篇 |
免费 | 15篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 38篇 |
2012年 | 10篇 |
2011年 | 16篇 |
2010年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 14篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 10篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 7篇 |
1966年 | 5篇 |
1965年 | 3篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1956年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有396条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
311.
Palatable food intake reduces stress responses, suggesting that individuals may consume such ?comfort? food as self-medication for stress relief. The mechanism by which palatable foods provide stress relief is not known, but likely lies at the intersection of forebrain reward and stress regulatory circuits. Forebrain opioidergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid ergic signaling is critical for both reward and stress regulation, suggesting that these systems are prime candidates for mediating stress relief by palatable foods. Thus, the present study (1) determines how palatable ?comfort? food alters stress-induced changes in the mRNA expression of inhibitory neurotransmitters in reward and stress neurocircuitry and (2) identifies candidate brain regions that may underlie comfort food-mediated stress reduction. We used a model of palatable ?snacking? in combination with a model of chronic variable stress followed by in situ hybridization to determine forebrain levels of pro-opioid and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) mRNA. The data identify regions within the extended amygdala, striatum, and hypothalamus as potential regions for mediating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis buffering following palatable snacking. Specifically, palatable snacking alone decreased pro-enkephalin-A (ENK) mRNA expression in the anterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and the nucleus accumbens, and decreased GAD65 mRNA in the posterior BST. Chronic stress alone increased ENK mRNA in the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampus; increased dynorphin mRNA in the nucleus accumbens; increased GAD65 mRNA in the anterior hypothalamus and BST; and decreased GAD65 mRNA in the dorsal hypothalamus. Importantly, palatable food intake prevented stress-induced gene expression changes in subregions of the hypothalamus, BST, and nucleus accumbens. Overall, these data suggest that complex interactions exist between brain reward and stress pathways and that palatable snacking can mitigate many of the neurochemical alterations induced by chronic stress. 相似文献
312.
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is used widely in psychological research implementing nonexperimental designs. However, when covariates are fallible (i.e., measured with error), which is the norm, researchers must choose from among 3 inadequate courses of action: (a) know that the assumption that covariates are perfectly reliable is violated but use ANCOVA anyway (and, most likely, report misleading results); (b) attempt to employ 1 of several measurement error models with the understanding that no research has examined their relative performance and with the added practical difficulty that several of these models are not available in commonly used statistical software; or (c) not use ANCOVA at all. First, we discuss analytic evidence to explain why using ANCOVA with fallible covariates produces bias and a systematic inflation of Type I error rates that may lead to the incorrect conclusion that treatment effects exist. Second, to provide a solution for this problem, we conduct 2 Monte Carlo studies to compare 4 existing approaches for adjusting treatment effects in the presence of covariate measurement error: errors-in-variables (EIV; Warren, White, & Fuller, 1974), Lord's (1960) method, Raaijmakers and Pieters's (1987) method (R&P), and structural equation modeling methods proposed by S?rbom (1978) and Hayduk (1996). Results show that EIV models are superior in terms of parameter accuracy, statistical power, and keeping Type I error close to the nominal value. Finally, we offer a program written in R that performs all needed computations for implementing EIV models so that ANCOVA can be used to obtain accurate results even when covariates are measured with error. 相似文献
313.
314.
Posthumus JA Raaijmakers MA Maassen GH van Engeland H Matthys W 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2012,40(4):487-500
The present study evaluated preventive effects of the Incredible Years program for parents of preschool children who were
at risk for a chronic pattern of conduct problems, in the Netherlands. In a matched control design, 72 parents of children
with conduct problems received the Incredible Years program. These families (intervention group) were compared with 72 families
who received care as usual (control group). Two years after termination of the intervention, it appeared that observed and
selfrated parenting skills were significantly improved in the intervention group. Likewise, in this group, observed child
conduct problems showed sustained intervention effects. The decrease in observed critical parenting mediated the decrease
in observed child conduct problems over time. In addition, it appeared that parental influence increased over time. 相似文献
315.
Sarah E. Stutterheim Arjan E. R. Bos Nicole M. C. van Kesteren Iris Shiripinda John B. Pryor Marijn de Bruin Herman P. Schaalma 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2012,22(6):470-484
Thirty years after the first diagnosis, people living with HIV (PLWH) around the world continue to report stigmatizing experiences. In this study, beliefs contributing to HIV‐related stigma in African and Afro‐Caribbean diaspora communities and their cultural context were explored through semi‐structured interviews with HIV‐positive (N = 42) and HIV‐negative (N = 52) African, Antillean and Surinamese diaspora community members in the Netherlands. Beliefs that HIV is highly contagious, that HIV is a very severe disease, and that PLWH are personally responsible for acquiring their HIV infection were found to contribute to HIV‐related stigma, as did the belief that PLWH are HIV‐positive because they engaged in norm‐violating behaviour such as promiscuity, commercial sex work, and, for Afro‐Caribbean diaspora, also homosexuality. These beliefs were found to be exacerbated and perpetuated by cultural taboos on talking about HIV and sexuality. HIV‐related stigma reduction interventions should focus on changing these beliefs and breaking cultural taboos on HIV and sexuality in a manner that is participatory and consistent with the current theory and empirical findings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
316.
Insensitive Semantics (I) has three components: It defends a positive theory; it presents a methodology for how to distinguish semantic context sensitivity from other kinds of context sensitivity; and finally, it includes chapters critical of other contributors on these issues. In this Précis, we outline each component, but before doing so a few brief 'big picture' remarks about the positions defended in is are in order: 相似文献
317.
318.
Bottlenosed dolphin and human recognition of veridical and degraded video displays of an artificial gestural language 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
L M Herman P Morrel-Samuels A A Pack 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》1990,119(2):215-230
2 bottlenosed dolphins proficient in interpreting gesture language signs viewed veridical and degraded gestures via TV without explicit training. In Exp. 1, dolphins immediately understood most gestures: Performance was high throughout degradations successively obscuring the head, torso, arms, and fingers, though deficits occurred for gestures degraded to a point-light display (PLD) of the signer's hands. In Exp. 2, humans of varying gestural fluency saw the PLD and veridical gestures from Exp. 1. Again, performance declined in the PLD condition. Though the dolphin recognized gestures as accurately as fluent humans, effects of the gesture's formational properties were not identical for humans and dolphin. Results suggest that the dolphin uses a network of semantic and gestural representations, that bottom-up processing predominates when the dolphin's short-term memory is taxed, and that recognition is affected by variables germane to grammatical category, short-term memory, and visual perception. 相似文献
319.
We refine our Boundary Model of the regulation of drug intake and apply it to several examples from cigarette smoking. Our model demands the simultaneous consideration of biological and psychosocial controls. The biological factors include the physiological demand to maintain minimum levels of nicotine, direct rewarding effects of tobacco, and toxic effects of excessive smoking. The psychosocial factors include “voluntary”, self-initiated controls as well as situational influences. In light of the model, we review and consider the problems with techniques commonly used to control smoking, and we discuss the inferential confusions faced by smokers and researchers. 相似文献
320.
Second graders (mean age = 7-8), fourth graders (mean age = 9-8), and sixth graders (mean age = 11-11) walked two paths located in and around their school. Children in the Unsegmented condition estimated the distance and time taken to walk a path that was relatively undifferentiated in terms of the number of qualitatively different areas of the school through which it passed. Children in the Segmented condition made the same estimates for a path that went through different areas (segments) of the school (i.e., cafeteria, hall, vestibule, and outside the building). Children at all three grade levels estimated that the distance traversed in the Segmented condition was longer than the distance in the Unsegmented condition. This difference was not significant on the time measure. It was concluded that (1) paths with a large number of segments are perceived as being longer than paths of the same length with fewer segments, (2) distances along paths with few segments are underestimated, (3) distances along paths with many segments may be overestimated as a function of developmental level, and (4) only younger children may have used time to estimate distance. 相似文献