Wahrscheinlichkeit und Erfahrung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

A simplified version of the SYMLOG Trait Rating Form

This paper describes a brief measure of Bales's three SYMLOG dimensions. A sample of 204 undergraduates with a mean age of 24.7 yr., 72.4% of whom were women, completed the usual version of the SYMLOG Trait Rating Form. This could also be scored as if it were a simplified version, omitting some items. The Simplified Measure of the SYMLOG Trait Rating Form correlated fairly highly with the full form--with r between .87 and .89 for the corresponding versions of all three scale dimension scores--making it a suitable substitute for research or illustrative purposes on occasions when respondents' time is of the essence.     

The relation between children's conceptual functioning with color and color term acquisition

Young children experience considerable difficulty in learning their first few color terms. One explanation for this difficulty is that initially they lack a conceptual representation of color sufficiently abstract to support word meaning. This hypothesis, that prior to learning color terms children do not represent color as an abstraction, was tested in two experiments using samples of 25- to 39-month-olds and 20- to 32-month-olds. Children's ability to conceptually represent color and their knowledge of color terms were assessed, and a strong association was found between the ability to make inferences based on color and the comprehension of color words. Children who did not comprehend color terms were unsuccessful at a conceptual task that required them to represent color as a property independent of the particular objects that displayed it. The results suggest that the initial absence of an abstract representation of color contributes to the difficulty that young children encounter when first learning color words.     

Effect of bandwidth knowledge of results on the learning of a grip force control task

An experiment was conducted to investigate the persistence of the effect of "bandwidth knowledge of results (KR)" manipulated during the learning phase of performing a manual force-control task. The experiment consisted of two phases, an acquisition phase with the goal of maintaining 60% maximum force in 30 trials, and a second phase with the objective of maintaining 40% of maximum force in 20 further trials. There were four bandwidths of KR: when performance error exceeded 5, 10, or 15% of the target, and a control group (0% bandwidth). Analysis showed that 5, 10, and 15% bandwidth led to better performance than 0% bandwidth KR at the beginning of the second phase and persisted during the extended trials.