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In the early 1950s, Frings and Frings began a process of selection for audiogenic seizure susceptibility and resistance in albino mice. The present study was conducted to examine behavioral and cochlear functions in the inbred descendants of these mice. The cochlear action potential (AP) thresholds of the susceptible RB/1bg inbred mice were abnormally high, and the resistant inbred RB/3bg mice had normal AP audiograms. The F1 hybrid showed heterosis for its cochlear function. Only the RB/1bg was susceptible to audiogenic seizures on the first acoustic exposure. Thresholds for the successive components of their audiogenic seizures were determined in response to narrow bands of noise. These paralleled the AP thresholds of RB/1bg mice (r = .89). This RB/1bg mouse showed little age-related cochlear loss, which probably accounts for its robust sensitivity to audiogenic seizures over most of its lifespan. Earlier studies had demonstrated that the susceptible RB line had a robust AP, but little or no cochlear microphonic (CM). The susceptible RB/1bg had well-defined AP and CM responses at low frequencies. The nonsusceptible RB/3bg mice were more resistant to acoustic priming than another mouse (CBA/J) strain with a similar audiometric profile. 相似文献
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Thirty elderly nursing home residents and ten community residing older adults were observed in group settings. Their behavior was assessed for dependent personal maintenance, independent personal maintenance, and appropriate and inappropriate behaviors. Responses by staff and peers to these behaviors were classified as positive, negative, or ignore. The frequency of occurrence of these behaviors as well as the relationship of resident to peer or staff behaviors were analyzed. Results indicate that community-residing elders' behaviors differ from nursing home residents' in quantity rather than quality of interactions. There was a lower frequency of behaviors in the nursing home residents. Though older adults respond differentially to various behaviors of other nursing home residents, staff responses were consistent regardless of residents' behavior. These results suggest that geriatric home residents' behavior can be characterized as withdrawn rather than dependent. 相似文献
238.
Biological basis of the stress response. 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
J P Henry 《Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science》1992,27(1):66-83
Chronic, as well as acute emotional arousal, is a consequence of various types of social interaction, i.e., those between mother and infant and between controlling dominant and less effective subordinate. The neurohumoral accompaniments of this social stress include the sympathetic adrenal medullary and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal responses. A common ensuing pathophysiological state involves a chronic increase of blood pressure. Although Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome presupposed the same response to a variety of stimuli; recent work shows that specific perceptions of control result in different patterns of neuroendocrine activation. A challenge perceived as easy to handle will elicit an active coping response and release of the neurosympathetic system's norepinephrine. Testosterone will rise as the subject savors success. With increasing anxiety this active coping shifts to a more passive mode and the behavior becomes less assured as the animal loses control. The norepinephrine/epinephrine ratio decreases as epinephrine, prolactin, renin and fatty acids rise. As the outcome becomes still less certain and distress grows, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels arise. Thus, the effort required on the one hand and the degree of frustration conflict and uncertainty on the other, determine the ratio of catecholamines to corticoids. With severe emotional trauma, brain dysfunction may occur. These effects can be lasting, and corticoids paradoxically return to normal as the behavior changes to that of post-traumatic stress disorder. Repression and denial set in and the organism responds with decreased concern of impaired attachment and increased irritability. 相似文献
239.
James P. Henry 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1992,27(1):66-83
Chronic, as well as acute emotional arousal, is a consequence of various types of social interaction, i.e., those between
mother and infant and between controlling dominant and less effective subordinate. The neurohumoral accompaniments of this
social stress include the sympathetic adrenal medullary and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal responses. A common ensuing pathophysiological
state involves a chronic increase of blood pressure. Although Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome presupposed the same response
to a variety of stimuli; recent work shows that specific perceptions of control result in different patterns of neuroendocrine
activation. A challenge perceived as easy to handle will elicit an active coping response and release of the neurosympathetic
system’s norepinephrine. Testosterone will rise as the subject savors success. With increasing anxiety this active coping
shifts to a more passive mode and the behavior becomes less assured as the animal loses control. The norepinephrine/epinephrine
ratio decreases as epinephrine, prolactin, renin and fatty acids rise. As the outcome becomes still less certain and distress
grows, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels arise. Thus, the effort required on the one hand and the degree of
frustration conflict and uncertainty on the other, determine the ratio of catecholamines to corticoids. With severe emotional
trauma, brain dysfunction may occur. These effects can be lasting, and corticoids paradoxically return to normal as the behavior
changes to that of post-traumatic stress disorder. Repression and denial set in and the organism responds with decreased concern
of impaired attachment and increased irritability. 相似文献
240.
Christiane H. May Helen C. Sing Richard Cephus Siegfried Vogel Elias K. Shaya Henry N. Wagner 《Behavior research methods》1996,28(1):23-26
Movement activity of a normal baboon and of a baboon with induced Parkinsonism by unilateral administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was recorded by the Walter Reed Activity Monitor (or actigraph). Mean activity in the lesioned baboon was 41% less than that of the nonlesioned baboon measured over a 14-day period. In addition, the daily maximum activity value was significantly less in the MPTP-treated baboon. Moreover, resting and sleeping periods were 30% greater in the lesioned animal. The akinesia and resting and sleeping periods were displayed by the lesioned baboon throughout the day, whereas the control baboon showed them only at night. The data representing summarized movement activity are in accordance with observations of bradykinesia, hypokinesia, and akinesia of the MPTP-treated baboon. The actigraph was well tolerated by the animal because its small size and weight made it largely unobtrusive. We suggest that the actigraph is an appropriate device for measuring motor activity in nonhuman primates. 相似文献