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971.
Andres De Los Reyes David B. Henry Patrick H. Tolan Lauren S. Wakschlag 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(5):637-652
Prior work has not tested the basic theoretical notion that informant discrepancies in reports of children’s behavior exist,
in part, because different informants observe children’s behavior in different settings. We examined patterns of observed
preschool disruptive behavior across varying social contexts in the laboratory and whether they related to parent-teacher
rating discrepancies of disruptive behavior in a sample of 327 preschoolers. Observed disruptive behavior was assessed with
a lab-based developmentally sensitive diagnostic observation paradigm that assesses disruptive behavior across three interactions
with the child with parent and examiner. Latent class analysis identified four patterns of disruptive behavior: (a) low across
parent and examiner contexts, (b) high with parent only, (c) high with examiner only, and (d) high with parent and examiner. Observed disruptive behavior specific to the parent and examiner contexts were uniquely related to parent-identified
and teacher-identified disruptive behavior, respectively. Further, observed disruptive behavior across both parent and examiner
contexts was associated with disruptive behavior as identified by both informants. Links between observed behavior and informant
discrepancies were not explained by child impairment or observed problematic parenting. Findings provide the first laboratory-based
support for the Attribution Bias Context Model (De Los Reyes and Kazdin Psychological Bulletin 131:483–509, 2005), which posits
that informant discrepancies are indicative of cross-contextual variability in children’s behavior and informants’ perspectives
on this behavior. These findings have important implications for clinical assessment, treatment outcomes, and developmental
psychopathology research.
相似文献
Lauren S. WakschlagEmail: |
972.
The conventional wisdom is that racial prejudice remains largely stable through adulthood. However, very little is known about the development of contemporary racial attitudes like symbolic racism. The growing crystallization of symbolic racism through the lifespan is tested using two data sets that measure the stability, consistency, and predictive validity of symbolic racism in samples ranging in age from young adults to the elderly. The results provide evidence that the crystallization of symbolic racism generally takes on a curvilinear trajectory across the lifespan, showing that it is already largely crystallized by voting age, that it continues to crystallize still further through adulthood and that it begins to decline in coherence in late adulthood. The results generally provide evidence confirming early speculations of symbolic racism theorists concerning the crystallization of symbolic racism across the lifespan and are discussed in terms of different theoretical perspectives on the relationship between aging and attitudes more generally. 相似文献
973.
Bianca Beersma John R. Hollenbeck Donald E. Conlon Stephen E. Humphrey Henry Moon Daniel R. Ilgen 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2009
Structural Adaptation Theory proposes that it is more difficult for teams to change from competitive to cooperative reward conditions than it is for them to change in the opposite direction, and this has been labeled the cutthroat cooperation effect [Johnson, M. D., Hollenbeck, J. R., Ilgen, D. R., Humphrey, S. E., Meyer, C. J., & Jundt, D. K. (2006). Cutthroat cooperation: Asymmetrical adaptation of team reward structures. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 103–120]. The current study investigated whether team role discussion can neutralize this effect and promote successful adaptation from competitive to cooperative reward structures. Consistent with our predictions, in a study that involved 75 four-person teams performing a complex task under cooperative reward conditions, we found that teams with a history of competitive rewards performed worse than teams with a history of cooperative rewards in a control condition. However, this effect was neutralized when teams allocated their roles in a team role discussion. This neutralization effect was driven by behavioral coordination and unmet expectations regarding conflict. 相似文献
974.
Coral Dando Rachel Wilcock Rebecca Milne Lucy Henry 《Applied cognitive psychology》2009,23(5):698-716
The current investigative interviewing model for police officers in England and Wales recommends the use of the cognitive interview (CI). However, there is much to suggest that police officers do not regularly fully apply the procedure and that when they do, it is often poorly applied. Research has indicated that this is particularly the case with non‐specialist police investigators who believe the CI is too cumbersome, complex and time consuming for the types of witness interviews they conduct. With this in mind the present study investigated a CI procedure that had been substantially modified in an attempt to enhance its forensic practicability while retaining the demonstrated superiority of the CI. Employing the mock witness paradigm, the modified procedure was compared to both the current CI model and a structured interview (SI). Results revealed that the modified CI was more effective than the SI, while being as effective as the current CI, despite being significantly shorter in duration and, we argue, less demanding for the interviewer. Hence, the proposed modified CI may well be an effective practical alternative for frontline investigators. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
975.
Christine M. Will Peter G. Rendell Sesil Ozgis Jane M. Pierson Ben Ong Julie D. Henry 《Applied cognitive psychology》2009,23(6):804-812
Prospective memory, or remembering future intentions, is critical for independent living for all ages, but especially older adults. Previous laboratory research has found that cognitively impaired older adults may have particular difficulties with prospective memory, but previous studies have not examined whether these difficulties occur in everyday life. In normal ageing, a dissociation between settings has been observed, with older adults selectively impaired in laboratory (but not naturalistic) contexts. Consequently, in the present study 15 cognitively impaired older adults were compared to demographically matched controls on laboratory and naturalistic measures of prospective memory. The results indicated that the cognitively impaired group performed more poorly on both measures, with the magnitude of the deficit comparable across setting. These results indicate that for older adults who present with cognitive impairment prospective memory deficits observed in laboratory settings may be a valid indicator of difficulties experienced executing delayed intentions in everyday life. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
976.
977.
Taylor Kennedy Tom Cariveau Kathryn Grelck Alexandria Brown Delanie F. Platt Paige Ellington 《Behavioral Interventions》2024,39(2):e1992
Matching-to-sample arrangements are commonly used to teach conditional discriminations. In these arrangements, instructors must systematically arrange instruction to ensure that a learner's response comes under the intended sources of stimulus control. Given the multitude of instructional considerations, the instructors' procedural fidelity has been a significant concern. Recently, LeBlanc et al. found that brief training and access to enhanced data sheets produced high levels of fidelity with experienced service providers. The current study extended LeBlanc et al. by examining the effects of a similar training on the fidelity and instructional pacing by participants with and without previous experience. The participants' performance was also compared when using a flashcard or binder (i.e., printed) arrays and relative to a tablet-delivered instructional program. High levels of fidelity were observed following training, although pacing was slow. Slight differences in performance were observed across comparison arrays; nevertheless, the tablet-based program outperformed instructors. 相似文献
978.
979.
Christine Tind Johannessen‐Henry 《Dialog》2017,56(4):337-351
Disaster pastoral care operates in diverse contexts, which may challenge clergy responders in ecclesiological meaning‐making of their practices of care. This article argues that pastoral care may be imagined as part of a larger “network” of caring acts understood as a collective, multiple care practice. Such practice reflects deep‐rooted movements described in psychoanalytical theory as playing, and the christological idea of communication of properties. Therein, spiritual “safe places” can be seen to emerge, even in the midst of traumatic events. 相似文献
980.
Kelly E. Knight Colter Ellis Jennifer Roark Kimberly L. Henry David Huizinga 《Deviant behavior》2017,38(12):1456-1473
Using prospective data collected across 14 years by the National Youth Survey Family Study (N = 1,436), we assessed change in aspirations, future expectations, and strain, as well as contemporaneous and longitudinal effects of these predictors on drug use, offending, and the perpetration of intimate partner violence. Growth curve models showed that, although time significantly predicted change in these variables, trajectories remained relatively stable. Contemporaneous random-intercept regression models revealed that all three measures were associated with all three problem behaviors. The effects were predictive longitudinally but some associations and gender differences were attenuated when controlling for prior involvement in outcomes. 相似文献