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排序方式: 共有369条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
261.
Today, capturing the behavior of a human eye is considered a standard method for measuring the information-gathering process and thereby gaining insights into cognitive processes. Due to the dynamic character of most task environments there is still a lack of a structured and automated approach for analyzing eye movement in combination with moving objects. In this article, we present a guideline for advanced gaze analysis, called IGDAI (Integration Guideline for Dynamic Areas of Interest). The application of IGDAI allows gathering dynamic areas of interest and simplifies its combination with eye movement. The first step of IGDAI defines the basic requirements for the experimental setup including the embedding of an eye tracker. The second step covers the issue of storing the information of task environments for the dynamic AOI analysis. Implementation examples in XML are presented fulfilling the requirements for most dynamic task environments. The last step includes algorithms to combine the captured eye movement and the dynamic areas of interest. A verification study was conducted, presenting an air traffic controller environment to participants. The participants had to distinguish between different types of dynamic objects. The results show that in comparison to static areas of interest, IGDAI allows a faster and more detailed view on the distribution of eye movement. 相似文献
262.
263.
Romy Räling Sandra Hanne Astrid Schröder Carla Keßler Isabell Wartenburger 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2017,70(10):2094-2104
The age at which members of a semantic category are learned (age of acquisition), the typicality they demonstrate within their corresponding category, and the semantic domain to which they belong (living, non-living) are known to influence the speed and accuracy of lexical/semantic processing. So far, only a few studies have looked at the origin of age of acquisition and its interdependence with typicality and semantic domain within the same experimental design. Twenty adult participants performed an animacy decision task in which nouns were classified according to their semantic domain as being living or non-living. Response times were influenced by the independent main effects of each parameter: typicality, age of acquisition, semantic domain, and frequency. However, there were no interactions. The results are discussed with respect to recent models concerning the origin of age of acquisition effects. 相似文献
264.
In clinical neuropsychology, the present status of a patient is evaluated in relation to the assumed premorbid status. However, in Sweden, existing methods to assess premorbid status are far from optimal. In the present study, the design and evaluation of a Swedish Lexical Decision Test (SLDT) for premorbid global cognitive function (i.e., premorbid intelligence) is described. The design was based on the empirical finding that, in general adult population, word knowledge is strongly associated with measures of global cognitive functioning. Linear stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that SLDT findings accounted for 48% of the variance of global cognitive function as assessed by the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised (WAIS-R). Demographic variables alone accounted for 31% and a combination of SLDT results and demographics accounted for 60%. Psychometric properties are presented using data from 109 healthy individuals stratified according to age, gender, and level of education. In addition, a case of Alzheimer's disease is presented to illustrate the relationship between SLDT performance and cognitive function. Finally, the theoretical foundation for the relationship between word knowledge and global cognitive function is discussed. 相似文献
265.
The notion of ‘fluency’ is most often associated with spoken-language phenomena such as stuttering. The present article investigates
the relevance of considering fluency in writing. The basic argument for raising this question is empirical—it follows from
a focus on difficulties in written and spoken language as manifestations of different problems which should be investigated
separately on the basis of their symptoms. Key-logging instruments provide new possibilities for the study of writing. The
obvious use of this new technology is to study writing as it unfolds in real time, instead of focusing only on aspects of
the end product. A more sophisticated application is to exploit the key-logging instrument in order to test basic assumptions
of contemporary theories of spelling. The present study is a dictation task involving words and ‘non-words’, intended to investigate
spelling in nine-year-old pupils with regard to their mastery of the doubling of consonants in Norwegian. In this study, we
report on differences with regard to temporal measures between a group of strong writers and a group of poor ones. On the
basis of these pupils’ writing behavior, the relevance of the concept of ‘fluency’ in writing is highlighted. The interpretation
of the results questions basic assumptions of the cognitive hypothesis about spelling; the article concludes by hypothesizing
a different conception of spelling. 相似文献
266.
267.
Relative to other ages, adolescence is described as a period of increased impulsive and risk-taking behavior that can lead to fatal outcomes (suicide, substance abuse, HIV, accidents, etc.). This study was designed to examine neural correlates of risk-taking behavior in adolescents, relative to children and adults, in order to predict who may be at greatest risk. Activity in reward-related neural circuitry in anticipation of a large monetary reward was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, and anonymous self-report ratings of risky behavior, anticipation of risk and impulsivity were acquired in individuals between the ages of 7 and 29 years. There was a positive association between accumbens activity and the likelihood of engaging in risky behavior across development. This activity also varied as a function of individuals' ratings of anticipated positive or negative consequences of such behavior. Impulsivity ratings were not associated with accumbens activity, but rather with age. These findings suggest that during adolescence, some individuals may be especially prone to engage in risky behaviors due to developmental changes in concert with variability in a given individual's predisposition to engage in risky behavior, rather than to simple changes in impulsivity. 相似文献
268.
A. Boetticher N. Nedopil H. A. G. Bosinski H. Saß 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2007,1(1):3-9
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Wegen der besonderen Bedeutung für die Bemühungen um die Qualit?tssicherung in den forensischen Disziplinen wird der folgende
Artikel, entstanden aus einer interdisziplin?ren Diskussion am BGH, hier nochmals den Fachkollegen zur Kenntnis gegeben.
H. Sa?
* bereits 2005 erschienen in NStZ 25:57–62 相似文献
269.
Ulrike Graßhoff Heinz Holling Rainer Schwabe 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2020,73(3):541-555
In this paper we derive optimal designs for the Rasch Poisson counts model and its extended version of the (generalized) negative binomial counts model incorporating several binary predictors for the difficulty parameter. To efficiently estimate the regression coefficients of the predictors, locally D-optimal designs are developed. After an introduction to the Rasch Poisson counts model and its extension, we will specify these models as particular generalized linear models. Based on this embedding, optimal designs for both models including several binary explanatory variables will be presented. Therefore, we will derive conditions on the effect sizes for certain designs to be locally D-optimal. Finally, it is pointed out that the results derived for the Rasch Poisson models can be applied for more general Poisson regression models which should receive more attention in future psychological research. 相似文献
270.